三九宝宝网宝宝百科宝宝知识

复杂定语从句的翻译

12月17日 编辑 39baobao.com

[简单定语从句的翻译]所谓简单的定语从句,是指一个句子只含一个定语从句的结构。这类定语从句,不论是限制性的还是非限制笥的,在结构上与先行词的关系比较简单,翻译时多译成定语,也可译成并列句、状语...+阅读

所谓复杂的定语从句,是指一个句子带有两个或两个以上定语从句的结构。这类定语从句在结构上与先行词的关系比较复杂,有如下几种形式:

1.自由式定语从句

自由式定语从句是指一个句子中两个或两个以上不同成分带定语从句的情况。这种从句的先行词没有固定模式,在句中充当不同的句子成分,故该结构中的定语从句称为自由式定语从句。它们拆开来看,其实就是一个一个简单的定语从句,因此,其翻译也和简单的定语从句相同。

如:

Thus the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs, which had moved the capital from Medine to Damascus in 661, came to be regarded with much justification as a parasitic clique that had outlived its usefulness once the conquests were pleted.

人们开始理由充分地认为,阿拉伯伍麦叶里发王朝是征服战争完成后毫无作用的一个寄生集团;伍麦叶王朝曾于661年从麦地那迁都大马士革。

该句中由which和that 引出两个定语从句,分别修饰做主语用的the Arab Umayyed dynasty of caliphs 和作宾语用的 a parasitic clique,翻译时一个被译成并列句,一个被译成定语。

2.嵌套式定语从句

嵌套式定语从句是指一个句子中定语从句套定语从句的情况。这种结构中的定语从句其实和自由式定语从句基本相似,拆开来也是一个独立的定语从句,只不过一个定语从句在另一个定语从句之中而已。因此,其翻译也与简单的定语从句相同。这里也仅举一例加以说明:

Likewise in the east were the Seljuk Turks who had infiltrated from their Central asinan homeland into the Islamic Empire where they were employed as mercenaries by the Baghdad caliphs.

同样,在东方是塞尔柱突厥人,他们从家乡中亚进入伊斯兰教帝国;在那里被巴格达哈里发雇为雇佣军。

该句中有两个定语从句,即在由who引出的定语从句中又套了一个由where引出的定语从句。翻译时,可按翻译简单的定语从句的方法。这里,两者均被译成了并列句,分别修饰先行词the Seljuk Turks 和 the Islamic Empire。

3.并列式定语从句

并列式定语从句是并列成分中的定语从句的简称,指一个句子中两个或两个以上并列成分均带定语从句的情况。笔者刊登在《中国翻译》(96.1)上的《英语并列成分中定语从句的汉译》一文曾作过介绍。这里再补充一点,这类定语从句也可译成状语从句,即先把主句译出,再把定语从句译成两个表示并列或转折关系的状语从句。

This was a defensive pact, designed to protect Germany against the French, who aspired to recover the alsace-Lorraine provinces lost in 1871, and also to protect Austria-hungary against the Russians, with whom they continually clashed in the Balkans.

这是一个防御性的盟约,旨在保护德国人免受法国人的攻击,保护奥匈帝国免受俄国人的攻击;因为法国人想收复1871年失去的阿尔萨斯-洛林地区,而俄国人则在巴尔干半岛同奥匈帝国接连不断地发生冲突。

以下为关联文档:

复合句中从句时态的呼应复合句中的从句(主要指宾语从句)的时态要和主句的谓语动词保持时态上的一致,称为时态的呼应。要注意下列问题: 1)主句谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句的动词不受影响。 【例如...

定语从句语法练习1. We should learn from those ______ are always ready to help others. A. who B. whom C. they D. that 2. Mr. Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ____ in Chi...

高考英语试题中定语从句与强调句陷阱题详解1. The factory was built in a secret place, around _________ high mountains. A. which was B. it was C. which were D. them were 【陷阱】容易误选A或B,将A、B中的 wh...

高三英语定语从句语法应用详解一、基本概念: 在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句定语从句。如: Do you know the man who spoke at the meeting just now? That is the house where he lived ten years...

英语翻译中定语从句的翻译技巧据我们的统计,从1994年开始到2006年13年的65道翻译题中总共出现了36处定语从句,占到了55.3%的比例,一半还要多的比例!因此定语从句的翻译的好坏直接影响到考研翻译的分数。所以...

名词性从句语法练习1. Go and get your coat. It's _______ you left it. A. there B. where C. there were D. where there 2. _______ the sports meet will be held depends on the weather...

·语法讲座第十八讲定语从句定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。 关系代词...

详解英语名词性从句的正确应用that 与what 的混用: 1.That they are going to discuss at the meeting is how to increase food supply in the world.(错误) What they are going to discuss at the meet...

·语法讲座第十七讲名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语...

推荐阅读
图文推荐