[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读
[法律类]
题目序号
题型归类
第1题
指代词题型
第2题
标点符号题型
第3题
归纳推导题型
第4题
细节推导题型
第5题
细节推导题型
Defenders of special protective labor legislation for women often maintain that eliminating such laws would destroy the fruits of a century-long struggle for the protection of women workers. Even a brief examination of the historic practice of courts and employers would show that the fruit of such laws has been bitter: they are, in practice, more of a curse than a blessing.
Sex-defined protective laws he often been based on stereotypical assumptions concerning women’s needs and abilities and employers he frequently used them as legal excuses for discriminating against women. After the Second World War, for example, businesses and government sought to persuade women to vacate jobs in factories, thus making room in the labor force for returning veterans. The revival or passage of state laws limiting the daily or weekly work hours of women conveniently acplished this. Employers had only to declare that overtime hours were a necessary condition of employment or promotion in their factory, and women could be quite legally fired, refused jobs, or kept at low wage levels, all in the name of “protecting” their health. By validating such laws when they are challenged by lawsuits, the courts he colluded over the years in establishing different, less advantageous employment terms for women than for men, thus reducing women’s petitiveness on the job market. At the same time, even the most well-intentioned lawmakers, courts, and employers he often been blind to the real needs of women. The lawmakers and the courts continue to permit employers to offer employee health insurance plans that cover all known human medical disabilities except those relating to pregnancy and childbirth.
Finally, labor laws protecting only special groups are often ineffective at protecting the workers who are actually in the workplace. Some chemicals, for example, pose reproductive risks for women of childbearing years: manufacturers using the chemicals ply with laws protecting women against these hazards by refusing to hire them. Thus the sex-defined legislation protects the hypothetical female worker, but has no effect whatever on the safety of any actual employee. The health risks to male employees in such industries cannot be negligible, since chemicals toxic enough to cause birth defects in fetuses or sterility in women are presumably harmful to the human metabolism. Protective laws aimed at changing production materials or techniques in order to reduce such hazards would benefit all employees without discriminating against any.
In sum, protective labor laws for women are discriminatory and do not meet their intended purpose. Legislators should recognize that women are in the work force to stay and that their needs — good health care, a decent wage, and a safe workplace — are the needs of all workers. Laws that ignore these facts violate women’s rights for equal protection in employment.
1.According to the author, which of the following resulted from the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers?
[A] Women workers were pelled to lee their jobs in factories.
[B] Many employers had difficulty in providing jobs for returning veterans.
[C] Many employers found it hard to attract women workers.
[D] The health of most women factory workers improved.
2.The author places the word “protecting” in quotation marks in line 9, paragraph 2 most likely in order to suggest that
[A] she is quoting the actual wording of the laws in question.
[B] the protective nature of the laws in question should not be overlooked.
[C] protecting the health of workers is important to those who support protective labor laws.
[D] the laws in question were really used to the detriment of women workers, despite being overtly protective in intent.
3.The text suggests that which of the following is a shorting of protective labor laws that single out a particular group of workers for protection?
[A] Such laws are often too weak to be effective at protecting the group in question.
[B] Such laws are usually drafted by legislators who do not he the best interests of workers at heart.
[C] Such laws exert no pressure on employers to eliminate hazards in the workplace.
[D] pliance with such laws is often costly for employers and provokes lawsuits by employees claiming discrimination.
4.According to the first paragraph of the text, the author considers which of the following to be most helpful in determining the value of special protective labor legislation for women?
[A] A parative study of patterns of work-related illnesses in states that had such laws and in states that did not.
[B] An estimate of how many women workers are in for of such laws.
[C] An analysis of the cost to employers of plying with such laws.
[D] A study of the actual effects that such laws he had in the past on women workers.
5.The author implies that which of the following is characteristic of many employee health insurance plans?
[A] They cover all the mon medical conditions affecting men, but only some of those affecting women.
[B] They lack the special provisions for women workers that proposed special labor laws for women would provide.
[C] They pay the medical costs associated with pregnancy and childbirth only for the spouses of male employees, not for female employees.
[D] They meet minimum legal requirements, but do not adequately safeguard the health of either male or female employees.
[答案与考点解析]
1.【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道指代词题型。考生可根据题干中的“the passage or revival of state laws limiting the work hours of women workers”将本题迅速定位在第二段的第三句，该句中的指代词“this”暗示本题的正确答案应该在第二段的第二句。这样就可以找出本题的正确答案A。考生在解题时一定要注意指代词。
2.【答案】D
【考点解析】本题是一道标点符号题。英语作为一种语文，标点符号是非常重要的。在原文中“protecting”一词被打上引号，其含义是“所谓的保护”，作者所表达的真实含义是“没有起到保护作用的保护”。由此可见本题的正确答案应该是D。考生在解题时要重视标点符号，尤其是一些特殊的标点符号。
3.【答案】C
【考点解析】本题是一道归纳推导题型。考生可根据题干中的“protective labor laws that single out a particular group of workers for protection”将本题的答案信息迅速确定在第三段的第一句，从第三段的内容（尤其是第三段的首尾两句）判断本题的正确答案应该是C。考生在解题时首先要具备审题定位的能力，然后要善于归纳和总结段落的细节信息。
4.【答案】D
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。本题的题干以将本题的答案信息来源确定在第一段，第一段的第二句是本题正确答案D的准确信息来源也是全文的中心主旨句。考生在解题时一定要时时牢记全文的中心主旨句，尤其是在迷失解题思路时。
5.【答案】A
【考点解析】这是一道细节推导题。根据本题题干中的“employee health insurance plans”可将本题的答案信息来源迅速确定在第二段的尾句，从第二段尾句的内容可判断本题的正确答案应该是A。考生在解题时一定要把审题定位放在第一位。
[参考译文]
妇女劳动特别保护法的辩护者经常坚持认为，废除这种法律就会破坏一个世纪以来为保护妇女工人而斗争的成果。但是，只要对法庭案例和雇主的历史作短暂回顾，就能够发现这些法律的成果是多么的令人不愉快：实际上，这种法律与其说是一件好事，不如说是一种灾祸。
以性别为界限的保护性法律通常是根据有关妇女的需要和能力的陈腐性假想为基础的，而且雇主也经常使用这些法律作为他们歧视妇女的合法借口。例如，第二次世界大战之后，企业和政府都企图说服妇女离开她们的工厂中的工作，从而为回国的老兵们在劳动力市场中空出位子。恢复或通过限制妇女每天或每周工作时间的州法律，很容易地就实现了上述的目标。雇主只需声称超时加班是在他们的工厂进行工作或提升的必要条件，这样妇女就被合法地解雇，被拒绝给予工作或者保持一种较低的工资水平，所有这些都以“保护”妇女健康的名义得以实现。当受到法律诉讼时，法庭在过去数年中一直与雇主合谋共同建立一种男女不同的，对妇女更为不利的雇佣条件，从而降低了妇女在就业市场上的竞争力。同时，即使那些最善意的立法者、法庭和雇主也经常对妇女的真实需求视而不见。法律制定者和法庭都继续允许雇主向雇员提供这样的健康保险计划，它包含了所有已知的人类疾病，但却未包括那些与怀孕和生育相关的医疗内容。
最后，那些只保护特殊群体的劳动法在保护实际工作中的工人方面经常是无效的。例如，某些化学物质会对怀孕期间的妇女造成生育上的危险。使用这些化学物品的制造商们就会遵守保护妇女避免这些危险的法律而拒绝雇佣她们。因此这种特别界定的法律保护了假设中的妇女工人，但对工人实际的任何安全问题都没有作用。在这些工厂中，对男性工人健康的危险也不能被忽略，既然那些化学毒素能导致胎儿的生育缺陷或使妇女不育，那么推而广之，其必然会对人类的新陈代谢有害。目的在于减少这种危险的保护性法律，会改变生产原料或生产技术，从而给所有雇员带来好处，而又不歧视任何一类雇员。
总而言之，为妇女制定的劳动保护法是带有歧视性的，而且并没达到它们预期的目的。立法者应该认识到，妇女是劳动力的一部分，而且她们的需求（如良好的健康保健，体面的工资收入，以及安全的工作环境）同时也是所有工人的需求。那些忽略这些事实的法律就会破坏妇女在就业中享受平等保护的权利。
以下为关联文档：
高三英语教研组工作计划5篇高三英语教研组工作计划5篇(一)一、指导思想以学校总体教学工作为依据，以提高教研质量和教学质量为目标，增强教师的学习意识、服务意识、教科研意识、质量意识、合作意识、...
2016年关于国庆节英语演讲稿带翻译2016年关于国庆节英语演讲稿带翻译篇1Dear teacher, dear students:Everybody is good! The title of my speech today is: the national flag fluttering.Inadvertently...
攀登英语学习实验学期进展汇报开学近两个月来，我校攀登英语的教学工作按照市、区及本校的教学工作计划进行。从本周开始，进行Unit 6的教学，现将这段时间来的工作汇报如下：一、实验基本信息列项主要内容具...
家长会英语老师发言稿五篇【家长会英语老师发言稿】范文一尊敬的各位家长：晚上好!今天，我很荣幸地在这里，作为你们孩子的英语老师，和你们共同探讨一下怎样帮助孩子学好英语，由于水平有限，不当之处，敬请批...
读《英语广场》有感作者：王姣姣 ] 偶然的一次机会看到了《英语广场》这本杂志，翻来看看里面的内容还是很不错的，于是到网上查阅的一些有关这本杂志的信息，它是一本创刊十几年的杂志英汉对照、难度...
儿童学习英语是越早越好吗语言是孩子思维的窗口，代表了孩子心理发育的水平，家长都非常关注孩子语言能力的发展，加上如今对外交往的日益增加，大家更加关注孩子英语的学习，例如，双语幼儿园、剑桥英语学校、阶...
尽量多的运用英语来提问学生，为学生创造一种良好的学这个星期主要是期中调研，这也是很好地检验自己教学的一种方法，我也在这次的调研中发现了的一些问题。首先，听力部分还有待加强。从这次的***中，可以看出学生在第二题，根据问句选...
我爱英语,我爱Courage我爱英语,我爱Courage! 济南市经五路幼儿园与外教课堂互动 今天早上，大一班的孩子们显得比往常活跃兴奋了许多，原来，他们的老朋友Courage要来到班里了!孩子们都焦急的等待着，热...
在生活中积累英语新的一个学期过了近一个月，小朋友渐渐适应了幼儿园有规律的学习生活。和第一个学期相比，他们更爱玩了，学习的欲望和能力也越来越强了。要说小朋友的学习和以前有什么不同，最大的...
