[产房术语知多少]对于准妈妈来说 进产房的心情,用任何语言恐怕都难以形容,任你有再强的心里素质 也免不了一脸懵逼。而产房的医生张口闭口都是专业术语,作为一个外行人完全不知道接下来要面临什...+阅读
专业术语—口腔生理学术语C4(英文详解)
Covalent bond - a strong bond between atoms formed by sharing outer electrons. When an atom has 8 outer electrons it is stable. Those which naturally he 8, like neon and argon gasses are quite unreactive. The carbon atom has 4 outer electrons and therefore needs 4 extra electrons to be stable. Four hydrogen atoms make a good partnership for carbon,(CH4, C2 H6 ... etc) hence hydrocarbons,(saturated with hydrogen atoms) are quite stable, insoluble and unreactive. One oxygen atom (outer shell has 6 electrons) and two hydrogen atoms (H2O) also makes a stable arrangement, although not as stable as the hydrocarbon, family as the water molecule is a little unbalanced, providing hydrogen bonds and other unusual properties of biological importance, such as its ability to hold other molecules in a solution.
Cusps - peaks or raised areas of a tooth which usually fit into a fossa on the opposing tooth.
Cytokines -chemical messengers that allow neighbouring cells to municate wit
h each other. They are paracrine messages as distinct from endochrine or hormonal messengers. There are several main families of cytokines including growth factors , neurotransmitters, , lymphokines and many others. The method of munication involves detection of the chemical message, a ligand , by receptor proteins (for example an integrin on the cell membrane of the receiving cell. The result of the message is a shift in the level of gene expression or the expression of new genes and altered cell behiour. Cytokines are plex as they sometimes inhibit and/or facilitate the actions of each other.
Cylasm - the contents of the cell, not including thenucleus.
Cytoskeleton - a system of fine filaments which cross the cell in all directions, helping toand keep or change its shape. There are three main types of filaments; in order of decreasing size they are, microtubules, microfilaments and intermediate filaments.
Cytotoxins - products released by bacteria which are toxic to other living cells.
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