[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ],自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来,一直在努力探索 学讲 之路,在这个过程中,经历了很多困难和挫折,但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生,所以学...+阅读
N
name
[误] She was named of a flower.
[正] She was named after a flower.
[析] 以……命名应为name after,又如给某人取名应为The father named his son Tom.
near
[误] We came near to hit him.
[正] We came near to hitting him.
[析] 这句话应译为"我们几乎要打他一顿。"near to这一用法中to为介词,其后要接宾语,所以要接名词或动名词。near作介词时其后可加to也可不加to,如: I sit near the door, I sit near to the fire.
by near
We lived near the city. 与We lived by the city. 两句话都是对的,但其表达的意义有所不同,by在表达距离时比near更近,所以by the city是紧靠近某城市。
need
[误] This room needs to clean.
[正] This room needs to be cleaned.
[正] This room needs cleaning.
[析] 在表达某事需要做什么时,need后面如用不定式要用其被动态,如接动名词则要用主动态。
[误] We need not to do it.
[正] We needn't do it.
[析] need用在否定句、疑问句中一般用作情态动词,所以无人称变化也不加to,而在肯定句中则多用作实意动词,如: We need your help.
neither
[误] None of my parents is a teacher.
[正] Neither of my parents is a teacher.
[析] 对两者的否定不能用none只能用neither, none用于三人以上的情况。
[误] I don't do my homework. Neither he does.
[正] I don't do my homework. Neither does he.
[析] 这时应用倒装句。
[误] Neither you nor I are right.
[正] Neither you nor I am right.
[析] neither…nor… 这一句型在应用时其谓语动词应以邻近的主语一致。
[误] Neither he studies nor plays.
[正] Neither does he study nor play.
[析] neither, hardly, seldom等否定词位于句首时,谓语动词采用倒装形式。
never
[误] Never I he broken my word.
[正] Never he I broken my word.
[析] never用于句首时起强调作用,要用倒装语序。但用于句中一般放于情态动词、助动词、或be动词后面,如: I shall never fot the expression on her face. Lost time is never found again. 用于成语中,如: Better late than never. (晚做比不做强。)never mind没关系,如: "What did you say?""Oh, never mind."
news
[误] There are many news about the accident.
[正] There is much news about the accident.
[析] news是不可数名词,它没有复数形式,如果讲一条新闻要用a piece of news.
newspaper
[误] I read the news on today's newspaper.
[正] I read the news in today's newspaper.
[析] 在报纸上读到某一条新闻一定要用介词in,而on the newspaper是指把某物放于报纸之上,如: May I put the flower on this newspaper?
night
[误] I came home very late yesterday night.
[正] I came home very late last night.
[析] "昨晚"一般要讲last night,而不应参照"昨天上午、下午、傍晚"的说法yesterday morning等套用。
no none
no是个限定词,它可以用在可数名词单复数或不可数名词前,如: No news is good news. 但如果名词前有另一限定词时则不能用no,而要用none of,如None of the students was here.
no not
要使句子具有部分否定的意思,我们用not,如: I can see you tomorrow, but not Sunday. 如果是全部否定则用no,如Sorry, there is no time to talk.
No one none
no one与nobody一样不能接of结构,如: No one wished me good luck. 而要用of结构时要用none, 如: None of my friends wished me good luck.
nor
[误] I never saw the painting before, or did I hear of it.
[正] I never saw the painting before, not did I hear of it.
[析] 注意在表达"既不……也不……"时不要用or作连词,而要用nor,并且要用倒装语序。
not
[误] The students went to the park, but no the teachers.
[正] The students went to the park, but not the teachers.
[析] 要使一个句子或一个句子的某一部分为否定时我们要用not, 而不用no.
[误] There is no my letter today.
[正] There is no letter for me today.
[析] no是一个限定词,用在名词前时,要注意这个名词前应没有冠词、物主代词或指示代词。
[误] He not only was a writer but also an actor.
[正] He was not only a writer but also an actor.
[析] 在这一句型中not only之后的词与but also之后的词类必须一致,否则应为错句。如果这一结构用在主语位置,则谓语动词要与but also后面的主语保持一致,如: Not only you but also I am wrong.
nothing
[误] Nothing but books were sold here.
[正] Nothing but books was sold here.
[析] 要注意真正的主语是nothing而不是books,所以这一结构在学生的使用中经常出错。
[误] I he nothing to do but to cry.
[正] I he nothing to do but cry.
[析] 在这一结构中but后面要用省to的不定式。
number
[误] A number of news can be heard on TV today.
[正] A lot of news can be heard on TV today.
[析] a number of后接可数名词复数。
[误] The number of students are ten thousand.
[正] The number of students is ten thousand.
[析] a number of 其意为"大量的",而the number of…是"某某的数量"。即the number of students意为"学生人数",所以要用单数形式的谓语动词。
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