[写一篇假期旅游的打算英语作文]For I want to spend my holiday fully,so I plan to go on a trip,I want to go to hongkong for 2 weeks,because it is not only a shopping paradise but also The heav...+阅读
一、概念 中文译作＂虚拟语气＂。它是一种动词形式，表示说话人的某种假设、愿望、怀疑、猜测、建议等含义。
二、语法结构 1.if结构（非真实条件句——表示的是假设的或实际可能性不大的情况） 与..事实相反 If从句 主句 过去 Had done Would* have done 现在 Were/did Would* do 将来 Should do/were/were to do Would* do 例句：If there hadn't been much rain in spring, we would have had a good harvest now. [过去] If he smoked less, his cough might be well soon. [现在] If the lecturer should be late, you would have to make a speech first. [将来] 备注：
（1）上表中'*'，would都可转换为should、could、might。
(2) 如果为时间错综句的话，左右两栏可互相搭配，排列组合。 例句： He would still be alive today if he hadn't taken that drug. [与现在事实相反] [与过去事实相反]
（3） if可转换为其他形式 例句：Without your advice, our meeting wouldn't have been so successfully. [过去] （=>可转换为：If there hadn't been your advice, we …） Your notes are almost illegible （难以辨认的）. Notes typed out would be a lot easier to read. [将来] （=>可转换为：If the notes had been typed out, it would be a lot easier to read.） I should have gone to see Dr. Smith and he might have cured me of the disease.[过去] （=>可转换为：If he have gone to see Dr. Smith, he ..）
2、wish结构 与..事实相反 过去 Had done 现在 Were/did 将来 Would 备注：可转换为其他形式。
例句：He talks as if （好像） he had done all the work himself. [过去] I wish I were a bird. I wish he handn' done that. I wish I would be rich in the future.
3、should结构 从句中用“should + 动词原形”构成。而且should可以省去。用于此结构的动词有：advise, direct, agree, ask, demand, decide, desire, insist, order, prefer, propose, request, suggest,intend等。 例句：The teacher suggest he (should) read English aloud. 注意：当insist表示“坚持认为”、suggest表示“表明，显示”时，不用虚拟语气。
例句：The look on his face suggested that he was quite satisfied with what I had done for him. He insisted that he was honest.
4、would rather +从句 在这种结构中，从句的谓语动词用过去形式表示虚拟。 例句：I would rather you did this instead of me.
5、主语从句中的虚拟语气 1)It be + 形容词 + that ...(should)... 用于该句型的形容词是：necessary, good, important, right, wrong, better, natural, proper, funny, strange, surprising . 一些名词也可以用于 在该结构中。
如：a pity, no wonder.... 2)It be + 过去分词 + that ...(should).... 用于该结构中的过去分词是表示“建议、请求、命令”等词的过去分词。如：desired, suggested, requested, ordered, proposed等。 3)It is time(about time, high time)that ...（过去式动词形式或should+动词原形）.... It is high time I went home now. = It is high time I should go home now.
6、表语从句、同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在suggestion, proposal, order, plan, idea, advice, decision等需要有内涵的名词后面的表语从句、同 位语从句中，要使用虚拟语气。
其谓语动词应用：should+原形动词。另外连接从句的that不能省 略。 例：My suggestion is that we should go there at once. What do you think of his proposal that we should put on a play at the English evening？
三、使用范围及判断
1、虚拟语气表示一种不能实现的假设。该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。
2、if条件状语从句中虚拟语气的判断 判断是真实条件句还是非真实条件句。
只有在非真实条件句中才使用虚拟语气。通过句子意思，看假设的条件是否能够实现，能够实现是真实条件句，不能使用虚拟语气；假设的条件不能实现则是非真实条件句，要用虚拟语气。 判断这个假设是与哪个事实相反。通常有三种情况：①与过去事实相反。②与现在事实相反。③与将来事实可能相反。
3、“后退一步法” 后退一步法是指在准确地判断了该句与哪一事实相反后，按虚拟语气的后退一步法处理从句谓语动词的时态。
即：在非 真实条件状语从句中，谓语动词按正常情况“后退一步”。也就是： 1）与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 2）与现在事实相反，在从句中用过去一般时形式表示。 3）与将来事实可能相反，在从句中用过去将来时形式表示。 主句中则用情态动词would, should, could 等加一个与从句一致的动词形式。 例：If I had come her yesterday, I would have seen him. If I were a teacher, I would be strict with my students. If it should snow tomorrow, they couldn't go out.
四、注意事项 1.if条件句中如有were, should, had，可以省去if，并使用倒装语序。
2、在现代英语中if条件状与从句中的谓语动词如果是be其过去形式一般用were。
3、wish 后面宾语从句中的虚拟语气，按“后退一步法”处理从句的谓语动词。注意：与哪个事实相反，不能以主句的时态为判断依据，而是根据从句的意义判断。
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