[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读
金融英语：货币和外汇
currency and exchange货币和外汇
currency is money issued by governments and central banks throughout the world. an exchange rate is the rate at which one currency can be exchanged for another. the value of one currency pared to another for the purpose of exchange is determined by either a fixed or a floating rate. a fixed rate is one that is set and maintained by a government or central bank. a floating rate is determined in the foreign exchange, or forex, market by supply and demand. trelers must buy the currency of the country which they are visiting in order to make purchases in local markets. although today, both fixed and floating rate currencies are used, most exchange is governed by rates set through a managed float.
货币是各国政府和中央银行发行的钱币。汇率是一种货币转换为另一种的比率。一种货币对另一货币的转换价值取决于固定汇率或浮动汇率。固定汇率是固定的并由政府或中央银行维持。浮动汇率取决于外汇及市场的供给和需求。旅行者必须购买旅游当地的货币从而进行消费。虽然现如今同时使用固定和浮动利率，但大多数利率采用固定利率并带有一定的浮动。
金融英语：利息
interest利息
interest is the cost of using money. the interest rate paid is usually expressed in annual terms though money market instruments may he a shorter term than
one year. an interest rate is determined by dividing the amount of interest paid by the principal amount borrowed. for example, if a 1000 bond pays 85 in
interest for one year, the annual interest rate is 8.5 percent. in the u.s. some interestbearing bonds, such as municipals, entitle the bearer to an exemption from
certain taxes on interest ine. the interest paid by a pany on its outstanding debt as well as the interest paid by a homeowner on his/her mortgage, i
s deductible from ine as an expense and so can reduce the amount of tax owed.
利息是使用货币的成本。
利率的支付形式通常以年为期限，虽然金融市场票据会有一个更短的时间。利率的制定取决于借款本金所划分的利息。举个例子，如果1,000美元的债券每年支付85美元那么年利率就是8.5%.美国有一些有息债券，如政府债券，它允许持有人在利息收益上有一定的免税。公司未偿债务和按揭住房的屋主需支付的利息可以作为一项费用减少他们的应交税金。
金融英语：保证金
margin保证金
margin allows investors to buy securities with money borrowed from brokers or banks. it is calculated based on the difference between the market value of the
stock and the loan made by the lender. the extension of credit to customers for securities transactions in the u.s. is regulated by: the federal reserve board,
the new york stock exchange (nyse), the national association of securities dealers (nasd), and individual firms. the federal reserve regulates the amount of
money that a broker may lend to a customer through regulation t (reg t). although reg t allows for the extension of margin credit for any listed security,
most brokerage firms he more strict lending rules and will not lend for the purchase of low-priced (penny stock) securities.
投资者可以通过保证金从经纪人或银行借款来购买证券。保证金的计算取决于股票的市场价值和贷款的差异。美国的联邦储备局，纽约证券交易所，全美证券交易商协会和个别公司共同规定证券客户的信贷延展问题。美联储通过法规t来限制经纪人对客户的贷款数额。虽然法规t允许对一些保证金账户延展信贷，但大多数证券经纪公司对贷款有更严格的规定并且不会贷款给客户来购买低价股票。
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