[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读

PART I LISTENING PREHENSION

Directions: In Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct response for each question on your Coloured Answer Sheet.

SECTION A TALK

Questions 1 to 5 refer to the talk in this section. At the end of the talk you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions.

Now listen to the talk.

1. In the Black Forest, the acid rain is said to attack all EXCEPT ____.

A) firs.

B) metals.

C) lees.

D) soil.

2. The percentage of firs dying in the Black Forest is ____.

A) 41%.

B) 43%.

C) 26%.

D) 76%.

3. Germany is tackling part of the problem by introducing ____.

A) new car designing schemes.

B) new car production lines.

C) a new type of smoke stacks.

D) new car safety standards.

4. Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?

A) Germany is likely to succeed in persuading her neighbors to reduce acid rain.

B) The disastrous effects of acid rain are not confined to one area.

C) German tourists are allowed to drive across their neighbors' borders.

D) Germany's neighbors are in for of the use of lead-free petrol.

5. On the issue of future solution of acid rain, the speaker's tone is that of ____.

A) warning.

B) pessimism.

C) indifference.

D) optimism.

SECTION B INTERVIEW

Questions 6 to 10 are based on an interview. At the end of the interview you will be given 15 seconds to answer each of the following questions

Now listen to the interview.

6. What subject is Mr. Pitt good at?

A) Art.

B) French.

C) German.

D) Chemistry.

7. What does Mr. Pitt NOT do in his spare time?

A) Doing a bit of acting and photography.

B) Going to concerts frequently.

C) Playing traditional jazz and folk music.

D) Treling in Europe by hitch-hiking.

8. When asked what a manager's role is, Mr. Pitt sounds ____.

A) confident.

B) hesitant.

C) resolute.

D) doubtful.

9. What does Mr. Pitt say he would like to be?

A) An export salesman working overseas.

B) An accountant working in the pany.

C) A production manager in a branch.

D) A policy maker in the pany.

10. Which of the following statements about the management trainee scheme is TRUE?

A) Trainees are required to sign contracts initially.

B) Trainees' performance is evaluated when necessary.

C) Trainees' starting salary is 870 pounds.

D) Trainees cannot quit the management scheme.

SECTION D NOTE-TAKING AND GAP-FILLING

Directions: In this section you will hear a mini-lecture. You will hear the lecture ONLY ONCE. While listening to the lecture, take notes on the important points. Your notes will not be marked, but you will need them to plete a 15-minute gap-filling task on ANSWER SHEET ONE after the mini lecture. Use the blank sheet for note-taking.

ANSWER SHEET ONE

Fill in each of the gaps with ONE suitable word. You may refer to your notes. Make sure the word you fill in is both grammatically and semantically acceptable.

In business, many places adopt a credit system, which dates back to ancient times. At present, purchases can be made by using credit cards. They fall into two categories: one has (16) use, while the other is accepted almost everywhere. The application for the use of the latter one must be made at a (17).

Once the customer starts using the card, he will be provided with a monthly statement of (18) by the credit pany. He is required to pay one quarter to half of his credit (19) every month.

Advantages. 1. With a card, it is not (20) to se up money before an actual purchase. 2. If the card is lost, its owner is protected. 3. A (21) and plete list of purchase received from the credit pany helps the owner to remember the time and (22) of his purchase. 4. The cards are accepted in a(n) (23) by professional people like dentists, etc.

Major disadvantage. The card owner is tempted to (24) his money. If this is the case, it will bee increasingly difficult for the user to keep up with the required (25), which will result in the credit card being cancelled by the credit pany.

16.

17.

18.

19.

20.

21.

22.

23.

24.

25.

PART II PROOFREADING some who did sent too much: 50,000 words instead of 500 is a record, according to Dr Nicholls. There remains the dinner-party game of whos in, whos out. That is a game that the reviewers he played and will continue to play. Criminals were my initial worry. After all, the original edition of the DNB boasted: Malefactors whose crimes excite a permanent interest he received hardly less attention than benefactors. Mr…… John Gross clearly had similar anxieties, for he plains that, while the murderer Christie is in, Crippen is out. One might say in reply that the injustice of the hanging of Evans instead of Christie was a force in the repeal of capital punishment in Britain, as Ludovie Kennedy (the author of Christies entry in Missing Persons) notes. But then Crippen was reputed as the first murderer to be caught by telegraphy (he had tried to escape by ship to America). It is surprising to find Max Miller excluded when really not very memorable names get in. There has been a conscious effort to put in artists and architects from the Middle Ages. About their lives not much is always known. Of Hugo of Bury St Edmunds, a 12th-century illuminator whose dates of birth and death are not recorded, his biographer ments: "Whether or not Hugo was a wall-painter, the records of his activities as carver and manu painter attest to his versatility". Then there had to be more women, too (12 per cent, against the original DBN s 3), such as Roy Strongs subject, the Tudor painter Levina Teerlinc, of whom he remarks: "Her most characteristic feature is a head attached to a too small, spindly body. Her technique remained awkward, thin and often cursory". Doesnt seem to qualify her as a memorable artist. Yet it may be better than the record of the original DNB, which included lives of people who never existed (such as Merlin) and even managed to give thanks to J. W. Clerke as a contributor, though, as a later edition admits in a shamefaced footnote, "except for the entry in the List of Contributors there is no trace of J. W. Clerke".

39. The writer suggests that there is no sense in buying the latest volume ____.

A) because it is not worth the price.

B) because it has fewer entries than before.

C) unless one has all the volumes in his collection.

D) unless an expanded DNB will e out shortly.

40. On the issue of who should be included in the DNB, the writer seems to suggest that ____.

A) the editors had clear rules to follow.

B) there were too many criminals in the entries.

C) the editors clearly fored benefactors.

D) the editors were irrational in their choices.

41. Crippen was absent from the DNB ____.

A) because he escaped to the U.S.

B) because death sentence had been abolished.

C) for reasons not clarified.

D) because of the editors' mistake.

42. The author quoted a few entries in the last paragraph to ____.

A) illustrate some features of the DNB.

B) give emphasis to his argument.

C) impress the reader with its content.

D) highlight the people in the Middle Ages.

43. Throughout the passage, the writer's tone towards the DNB was ____.

A) plimentary.

B) supportive.

C) sarcastic.

D) bitter.

TEXT C Medical consumerism —— like all sorts of consumerism, only more menacingly —— is designed to be unsatisfying. The prolongation of life and the search for perfect health (beauty, youth, happiness) are inherently self-defeating. The law of diminishing returns necessarily applies. You can make higher percentages of people survive into their eighties and niies. But, as any geriatric ward shows, that is not the same as to confer enduring mobility, awareness and autonomy. Extending life grows medically feasible, but it is often a life deprived of everything, and one exposed to degrading neglect as resources grow over-stretched and politics turn mean. What an ignominious destiny for medicine if its future turned into one of bestowing meager increments of unenjoyed life! It would mirror the fate of athletics, in which disproportionate energies and resources —— not least medical ones, like illegal steroids —— are now invested to she records by milliseconds. And, it goes without saying, the logical extension of longevism —— the "abolition" of death —— would not be a solution but only an exacerbation. To air these predicaments is not anti-medical spleen —— a churlish reprisal against medicine for its victories —— but simply to face the growing reality of medical power not exactly without responsibility but with dissolving goals. Hence medicines finest hour bees the dawn of its dilemmas. For centuries, medicine was impotent and hence unproblematic. From the Greeks to the Great War, its job was simple: to struggle with lethal diseases and gross disabilities, to ensure live births, and to manage pain. It performed these uncontroversial tasks by and large with meager success. Today, with mission acplished, medicines triumphs are dissolving in disorientation. Medicine has led to vastly inflated expectations, which the public has eagerly swallowed. Yet as these expectations grow unlimited, they bee unfulfillable. The task facing medicine in the twenty-first century will be to redefine its limits even as it extends its capacities.

44. In the author's opinion, the prolongation of life is equal to ____.

A) mobility.

B) deprivation.

C) autonomy.

D) awareness.

45. In the second paragraph a parison is drawn between ____.

A) medicine and life.

B) resources and energies.

C) predicame

nts and solutions.

D) athletics and longevism.

TEXT D The biggest problem facing Chile as it promotes itself as a tourist destination to be reckoned with, is that it is at the end of the earth. It is too far south to be a convenient stop on the way to anywhere else and is much farther than a relatively cheap half-days flight away from the big tourist markets, unlike Mexico, for example. Chile, therefore, is hing to fight hard to attract tourists, to convince trelers that it is worth ing halfway round the world to visit. But it is succeeding, not only in existing markets like the USA and Western Europe but in new territories, in particular the Far East. Markets closer to home, however, are not being fotten. More than 50% of visitors to Chile still e from its nearest neighbor, Argentina, where the cost of living is much higher. Like all South American countries, Chile sees tourism as a valuable earner of foreign currency, although it has been far more serious than most in promoting its image abroad. Relatively stable politically within the region, it has benefited from the problems suffered in other areas. In Peru, guerrilla warfare in recent years has dealt a hey blow to the tourist industry and fear of street crime in Brazil has reduced the attraction of Rio de Janeiro as a dream destination for foreigners. More than 150,000 people are directly involved in Chiles tourist sector, an industry which earns the country more than US950 million each year. The state-run National Tourism Service, in partnership with a number of private panies, is currently running a world-wide campaign, taking part in trade fairs and international events to attract visitors to Chile. Chiles great strength as a tourist destination is its geographical diversity. From the parched Atacama Desert in the north to the Antarctic snowfields of the south, it is more than 5,000km long. With the Pacific on one side and the Andean mountains on the other, Chile boasts natural attractions. Its beaches are not up to Caribbean standards but resorts such as Vina del Mar are generally clean and unspoilt and he a high standard of services. But the trump card is the Andes mountain range. There are a number of excellent ski resorts within one hours drive of the capital, Santiago, and the national parks in the south are home to rare animal and plant species. The parks already attract specialist visitors, including mountaineers, who e to climb the technically difficult peaks, and fishermen, lured by the salmon and trout in the regions rivers. However, infrastructural development in these areas is limited. The ski resorts do not he as many lifts as their European counterparts and the poor quality of roads in the south means that only the most determined trelers see the best of the national parks. Air links between Chile and the rest of the world are, at present, relatively poor. While Chiles two largest airlines he extensive works within South America, they operate only a small number of routes to the United States and Europe, while services to Asia are almost non-existent. Internal transport links are being improved and luxury hotels are being built in one of its national parks. Nor is development being restricted to the Andes. Easter Island and Chiles Antarctic Territory are also on the list of areas where the Government believes it can create tourist markets. But the rush to open hitherto inaccessible areas to mass tourism is not being weled by everyone. Indigenous and environmental groups, including Greenpeace, say that many parts of the Andes will suffer if they bee over-developed. There is a genuine fear that areas of Chile will suffer the cultural destruction witnessed in Mexico and European resorts. The policy of opening up Antarctica to tourism is also politically sensitive. Chile already has permanent settlements on the ice and many people see the decision to allow tourists there as a political move, enhancing Santiagos territorial claim over part of Antarctica. The Chilean Government has promised to respect the environment as it seeks to bring tourism to these areas. But there are immense mercial pressures to exploit the countrys tourism potential. The Government will he to monitor developments closely if it is genuinely concerned in creating a balanced, controlled industry and if the price of an increasingly lucrative tourist market is not going to mean the loss of many of Chiles natural riches.

46. Chile is disadvantaged in the promotion of its tourism by ____.

A) geographical location.

B) guerrilla warfare.

C) political instability.

D) street crime.

47. Many of Chiles tourists used to e from EXCEPT ____.

A) U.S

B) the Far East.

C) western Europe.

D) her neighbors.

48. According to the author, Chile's greatest attraction is ____.

A) the unspoilt beaches.

B) the dry and hot desert.

C) the famous mountain range.

D) the high standard of services.

49. According to the passage, in which area improvement is already under way?

A) Facilities in the ski resorts.

B) Domestic transport system.

C) Air services to Asia.

D) Road work in the south.

50. The objection to the development of Chile's tourism might be all EXCEPT that it ____.

A) is ambitious and unrealistic.

B) is politically sensitive.

C) will bring harm to culture.

D) will cause pollution in the area.

SECTION B SKIMMING AND SCANNING

Directions: In this section there are seven passages followed by ten multiple-choice questions. Skim or scan them as required and then mark your answers on your Coloured Answer Sheet.

TEXT E First read the question. 51. The main purpose of the passage is to ____. A. illustrate the features of willpower. B. introduce ways to build up willpower. C. explain the advantages of willpower. D. define the essence of willpower. Read the text quickly and then answer the question. Willpower isnt some immutable trait were either born with or not. It is a skill that can be developed, strengthened and targeted to help us achieve our goals. "Fundamental among mans inner powers is the tremendous unrealized potency of mans own will," wrote Italian psychologist Roberto Assagioli 25 years ago. "The trained will is a masterful weapon," added Alan Marlatt of the University of Washington, a psychologist who is studying how willpower helps people break habits and change their lives. "The dictionary defines willpower as control of ones impulses and actions. The key words are power and control. The power is there, but you he to control it." Here, from Marlatt and other experts, is how to do that: Be positive. Dont confuse willpower with self-denial. Willpower is most dynamic when applied to positive, uplifting purposes. Positive willpower helps us overe inertia and focus on the future. When the going gets tough, visualize yourself happily and busily engaged in your goal, and youll keep working toward it. Make up your mind. James Prochaska, professor of psychology at the University of Rhode Island, has identified four stages in making a change. He calls them precontemplation (resisting the change), contemplation (weighing the pros and cons of the change), action (exercising willpower to make the change), and maintenance (using willpower to sustain the change). Some people are "chronic contemplators," Prochaska says. They know they should reduce their drinking but will he one more cocktail while they consider the matter. They may never put contemplation into action. To focus and mobilize your efforts, set a deadline. Sharpen your will. In 1915, psychologist Boyd Barrett suggested a list of repetitive will-training activities —— stepping up and down from a chair 30 times, spilling a box of matches and carefully replacing them one by one. These exercises, he maintained, strengthen the will so it can confront more consequential and difficult challenges. New Jersey Sen. Bill Bradley was a basketball star with the champion New York Knicks. On top of regular practice, he always went to the gym early and practised foul shots alone. He was determined to be among the best form of the foul line. True to his goal, he developed the highest percentage of successful free throws on his team. Expect trouble. The saying "Where theres a will, theres a way" is not the whole truth. Given the will, you still he to anticipate obstacles and plan how to deal with them. When professor of psychology Saul Shiffman of the University of Pittsburgh worked with reformed smokers whos gone back to cigarettes, he found that many of them hadnt considered how theyd cope with the urge to smoke. They had summoned the strength to quit, but couldnt remain disciplined. The first time they were offered a cigarette, they went back to smoking. If youve given up alcohol, rehearse your answer for when youre offered a drink. If youre expecting to jog but wake up to a storm, he an indoor workout program ready. Be realistic. The strongest will may falter when the goal is to lose 50 pounds in three months or to exercise three hours a day. Add failure undercuts your desire to try again. Sometimes its best to set a series of small goals instead of a single big one. As in the Alcoholics Anonymous slogan "One day at a time," divide your objective into one-day segments, then renew your resolve the next day. At the end of a week, youll he a series of triumphs to look back on. Be patient. A strong will doesnt develop overnight. It takes shape in increments, and there can be setbacks. Figure out what caused you to backslide, and redouble your efforts. When a friend of ours tried to give up cigarettes the first time, she fai

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