三九宝宝网宝宝教育计划总结

请把高中英语人教版的定语从句名词性从句和非谓语动词总结一下

02月23日 编辑 39baobao.com

[德语语法德语时间从句总结]1. wenn, als 当……的时候 wenn 可用于各种时态,表示多次性、重复性的行为。 如果从句位于主句前,常可在从句前加上jedesmal和immer表示强调。 jedesmal wenn, immer wenn 可...+阅读

一、定语从句 引导定语从句的关系代词有that, which, who(宾格whom),所有格whose)和关系副词 where when why 等,关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分,关系代词that,which, who, whom等在从句中分别作主语或宾语,whose在从句中作定语,而关系副词when, where, why等在从句中作状语。 如:①I will never forget the days when/in which we worked together. ②I will never forget the days which/that we spent together. 解析:在句①中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是状语,所以用关系副词when来代指,引导定语从句修饰先行词the days;而在句②中,表示时间的名词the days在从句中充当的是动词spent的宾语,所以用关系代词that或which来代指。

同样,表示地点或原因的名词如果在从句中作状语,则用关系副词where 或why来代指;如果在从句中作动词的宾语,则用which或that来代替。 如:①This is the factory where/in which I worked.(作状语) ②This is the factory that/which I visited years ago.(作宾语) 注:当先行词为time, reason, place时,引导词可以省略。如: ① This was the first (when/what) I had serious trouble with my boss. ② That is the reason (why) I did it. ③ This is the place (where) we met yesterday. 另外,定语从句中谓语动词的数应与先行词的数相一致。

如: ① Mr. Jackson is the only foreigner that is present at the party.0 ② He is one of the students who were praised by the teacher. 解析:在句①中,先行词foreigner被only修饰,强调只有一个,所以从句中谓语动词用单数形式,而在句②中,who引导的定语从句修饰先行词the students,为复数,所以从句谓语动词应为复数。 感悟:学生之所以在这一点上经常出错,主要是对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出主句和从句,对句子成分的把握也不到位,搞不清关系代词或关系副词在从句中充当何种句子成分。

所以要做好这一类题,要首先弄清关系代词和关系副词的用法,而且应善于分辨和分析句子结构及其相应成分,这样才能对症下药,快速准确地找到瓿之所在。 二 名词性从句中的易错点

(一) that引导的定语从句与同位语从句 定语从句与前面的的名词是修饰与被修饰的关系,“……的名词”,而同位语从句是用来说明前面名词的内容。

与that从句同位的名词必须是一些表示事实或概念的抽象名词,如fact, news, belief, truth, reply等。That在定语从句中必须作成分,可用which或who/whom代替,而that在同位语从句中不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用。如: ①Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas. ②Do you still remember the chicken farm that we visited three months ago. 解析:在句①中,that引导同位语从句解释说明promise的内容,that不充当任何句子成分,只起连接作用,而在句②中,that在其引导的定语从句中作动词visited的宾语,对先行词the chicken farm起修饰作用。

感悟:学生之所以在这一点上容易出错,主要还是因为对定语从句的理解不够深刻,分辨不出that在从句中是否充当了句子成分,因此,还需在句子分析上下功夫,并且搞清何谓同位语从句。

(二)名词性从句中,关于it作形式主语和形式宾语的易错点 1)名词性从句作主语或宾语时,为保持句子平衡,常用it作形式主语或形式宾语。如: It's a pity that he don't come to give a speech.(形式主语) We think it possible that you can finish the job today.(形式宾语) 2)谓语动词 appreciate, dislike, hate, like, love, make等接由if或when 引导的宾语从句时往往在从句前加上形式宾语it. 例如:I would appreciate it if you could come to my birthday party. 3)动词hare, take, hide, punish, put等,后接由that 引导的病因从句式,往往在从句前加形式宾语it. 例如:① I take it that you will be leaving Shanghai soon. ② we punished it that we had finished the project ahead of time. 4)短语动词answer for, count on depend on, insist on, see to等后接有that引导的宾语从句时,必须冠以形式宾语it. 例如:① I'm counting on it that you will come. ② She'll see to it that he goes ahead. 注:作形式主语和形式宾语时只能用it. 非谓语动词 To do 1. 形式 时态 主动 被动 一般 To do To be done 完成 To have done To have been done 进行 To be doing 1)主语,表语: To see is to believe 2) 宾语:ask to do, 3) 定语something to do 4) 状语in order to do 5) 补语have so to do 3. 句型 1)It is adj. for /of sb to do. 2) It's timeto do. 3) It's (never/ not) too …to 4)sb have sth to do/ sth done(sth承受)/sth do(使动) 5)It's …enough to so 6) had better do/ 'd rather do/ 'd like to do 7)see / find doing(正在做) / do(做的过程) 8)like/ dislike to do(暂时)/ doing (经常性) 9)but / except to do: eg: He can do anything but to tell you the truth. do.: nothing but do(仅此情况) You can do nothing but wait. 10) Why not do ../ why don't you do 11) have ability to do: have interesting/ trouble/ difficulty /point ...

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