[谁有小学四年级的英语教案啊]第一课时 【课题】：Recycle 2 第一课时 【教学重点】Read and act中出现的新语言点。 【教学难点】What do you want to bring? They want to share the food.. 给故事加结尾...+阅读
the main purpose of this study was to establish a baseline measure of the prevalence of gambling and gambling-related problems among the adult population in Oregon. An additional purpose of this study was to identify the types of gambling causing the greatest difficulties for the citizens of Oregon. The results of this study will be useful in documenting the impact of legal gambling on the citizens of the State of Oregon. The results will also be valuable in formulating statewide policy with regard to legal gambling in Oregon. The results of this study show that significant numbers of Oregon residents participate in legal gambling, that these activities are widely accepted, and that most residents spend small to moderate amounts on gambling. However, the study also shows that there is a significant number of Oregon residents who are currently experiencing severe difficulties related to their gambling involvement. Contrary to arguments by the media and even some treatment professionals, video poker is not the only type of gambling causing difficulties for the citizens of Oregon nor are those difficulties disproportionately higher than in other jurisdictions. The implications of this finding for the field of problem gambling research as well as for gambling policy development in Oregon are far-reaching. Summary In 1997, nearly nine out of ten respondents in Oregon acknowledge participating in one or more types of gambling at some time in their lives. Lifetime gambling participation in Oregon is highest for the lottery, charitable games and casinos or Indian Gaming Centers. As in other jurisdictions, young men with relatively high income are the respondents in Oregon most likely to have ever gambled. In Oregon, 3.1% of the respondents scored as lifetime problem gamblers and an additional 1.8% of the respondents scored as lifetime probable pathological gamblers. In contrast, 1.9% of the respondents scored as current problem gamblers while 1.4% of the respondents scored as current probable pathological gamblers. Overall, the lifetime prevalence of problem and pathological gambling in Oregon is 4.9% while the current prevalence rate in Oregon is 3.3%. The lifetime prevalence rate in Oregon is lower than in other Western states while the current prevalence rate is higher than in many other states. Lifetime problem gamblers in Oregon are significantly more likely than other respondents to be male, under the age of 30, non-White and divorced, separated or never married. Despite these significant differences, however, it is important to remember that the majority of lifetime and current problem gamblers are White and between the ages of 30 and 54. In contrast to lifetime problem gamblers, current problem gamblers are just as likely to be women as men. Problem gamblers in Oregon are most likely to gamble weekly on the lottery, video poker, games of skill and at Indian Gaming Centers. Problem gamblers are more likely than non-problem gamblers to spend three or more hours gambling in a typical session and to have lost $100 or more in a single day. Use of the DSM-IV Screen in the Oregon survey provided a valuable opportunity to improve our understanding of the DSM-IV Screen in relation to the South Oaks Gambling Screen. Comparison of these two screens shows that they are highly consistent. Our analysis suggests that the cutoff point for the DSM-IV Screen may be too severe and that using a separate classification for individuals who score three or four points on the DSM-IV Screen would allow the screen to capture individuals whose pathology is well-developed but perhaps not yet extreme. Directions for the Future The costs of gambling problems can be high, not only for individuals but for families and communities. Pathological gamblers experience physical and psychological stress and exhibit substantial rates of depression, alcohol and drug dependence and suicidal ideation. The families of pathological gamblers experience physical and psychological abuse as well as harassment and threats from bill collectors and creditors. Other significant impacts include costs to employers, creditors, insurance companies, social service agencies and the civil and criminal justice systems. The first step usually taken by governments in response to an emerging social problem is to determine the number of individuals who may be in need of assistance as a result of a specific government policy or activity. The next step is to develop a range of services for affected individuals and their families. In the wake of widespread gambling legalization in the 1980s and 1990s, governments ...
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