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大学精读课本第四册 unitten why people work的summary

02月28日 编辑 39baobao.com

[第四册]Do you view work as a burden or an opportunity? Are you the kind of person who looks for ways to se your energy or the kind that finds spending your energy sati...+阅读

Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentxnent. We're all used to thinking that work provides the material things of life -- the goods and services that make possible our modern civilization. But we are much less conscious of the extent to which 5 work provides the more intangible, but more crucial, psychological wellbeing that can make the difference between a full and an empty life . Historically, work has been associated with slavery and sin and punish- ment. And in our own day we are used to hearing the traditional complaints: "I can't wait for my vacation," "I wish I could stay home today," "My boss10 treats me poorly," "I've got too much work to do and not enough time to do it." Against this background, it may well come as a surprise to learn that...

大学英语精读第四册 8 9 10课文翻译

第十单元 翻译 你将工作视为负担还是机会?你是那种想尽办法保存精力的人还是发觉消耗精力令人满足的人?人们为什么喜欢抱怨工作?在下文中寻找答案吧。 人为什么工作 伦纳德·R·塞尔斯 1 职业和工作在使人得到幸福与满足方面所起的作用比我们大多数人意识到的要多得多。我们都习惯于认为工作为人生提供物质的东西——提供使我们的现代文明成为可能的商品和服务。但是我们对工作在促进精神生活方面所起的作用则知之甚少。这方面的作用难以捉摸,却更加至关重要,它是人生过得充实还是空虚的决定性因素。 2在历史上,工作一直与奴役、罪恶和惩罚联系在一起。现今我们还常常听到那些老一套的怨言:“我巴不得早点放假”,“今天我要是呆在家里该多好”,“我的老板待我不好”,“我的事情多得来不及做”等等。

在这种情况下,当你得悉心理学家们以及其他的行为科学家们都认为,工作对个人幸福和个人成就起着积极作用时,你很可能会感到惊奇。对大多数人来说,工作不仅仅是一种必需, 它还是人们生活的焦点,是他们的个性和创造性的源泉。 3工作不是惩罚,也不是负担,工作为个人潜在能力的发挥提供机会。许多精神病诊所的主治医生观察到工作的治疗作用。许许多多在诊所里显得精神抑郁的病人,一旦受聘从事有一定收益的工作时,便重新获得自信,并失去部分(如果不是全部的话)最严重的症状。越来越多的处理精神病问题的机构建立起工场,病情过重在“外面的”工厂里找不到工作的病人,可以在那里工作。与此同时,这些机构还竭尽全力为那些身体条件尚可在外面工作的人,安排“真正的”工作。

4反过来也是一样。对许多人来说,没有工作反而对他们的健康有害。退休即使没有引起经济上的忧虑,也常常带来“今后我该怎样生活才好?”之类的许多问题。许多人一到周末因为不上班而必须自行安排生活便产生头痛及其他不适。人们还观察到,失业除了产生经济压力之外,还造成许多心理上的病痛,很多人一旦失业,身体便迅速恶化。 5这是为什么呢?为什么工作竟然是人们获得满足的如此重要的源泉呢?最主要的答案就在于,工作和通过工作所取得的成就,能激起一种自豪感。 对成就的自豪 6人们渴求取得成就,渴望有能力用自己的手,用自己的脑,凭自己的意志办成事情。我们每个人都希望自己能够做出有意义、并能显示出自己天赋的事来。 7这一点最容易在工匠身上看出来。

他深情地将某一种价值不高的材料做成一件或是有用,或是美观,或是两者兼备的东西。你可以看到木匠或砖瓦匠常站到一边,欣赏自己的产品。 8研究人员还发现,即使在没有明显的最终产品可以显示个人专长的场合,雇员们也对工作成就感到自豪。我们自己在医院的调查表明,即便勤杂人员和洗衣房的职工,也对自己的工作引以为荣,他们通过自身的工作协助治好了病人——因而也就作出了不少成绩。 9我们常常被抱怨工作困难的言论所误导。在内心深处,多数人把自己善于解决棘手问题的本领看作个人的出众之处。发牢骚也是工作的一部分。说到底,如果你不显示出驾驭自己言行的能力,那你还有什么别的办法来认识你自己呢?在很大程度上,你就是你所能成就的事情。

10有些人误认为人们喜欢积蓄精力,喜欢休息,并尽可能保养自己。事实恰恰相反。消耗精力才真正给人以满足。 11试看一位因其工作处于某个通信网络的中心位置而必须与无数的其他人打交道的雇员:一个繁忙柜台上的售货员,一个手不离电话的股票经纪人,或是一个客户代理人,他们会告诉你,每时每刻回答无数个问题以及应付各种各样的人物该需要怎样的本领和经验。不是每个人都能以这样的韧性长时间地与人周旋的。但是能够这样做的人,都为自己具有出众才能,能对所在单位的运转作出巨大贡献而感到自豪。 12但是工作不光是成就和能够胜任工作的自豪,因为除了少数工匠和艺术家的工作而外,大部分工作是在“外面”进行的,是与别人合作或通过别人来完成的。

团体精神 13或许一个例子就能把这点说明白。 我记得曾在一家椅子厂见过6 个工人,他们的工作是将几根钢管弯曲并组成一把折椅。虽然同在一起工作的有10 个或20 个这样的“组”,有一个组因配合默契、动作神速而特别有名。这班人深知自己能干。他们常常要猛干二三十分钟才肯休息一会儿——以便向自己、向旁观者以及向其他班组展示技术高超、善于自我克制的全厂最佳的班组是一个什么样儿。 14当我与他们交谈时,他们每个人都为自己是最快最好的班组一员而深感自豪。这种自己属于一个有娴熟技巧的班组的意识,是工作带来的最突出的满足感之一。 15关于从工作班组中获得满足还要再讲一点。与生活中许多其他方面不同 的是,工作人员之间的关系趋于简单,不那么复杂,且较少感情色彩。

这不是说工作中,没有争论、嫉妒。但总的来讲,行为科学研究揭示,工作中人与人之间较好相处。这或许是因为工作上的人际关系较有规律,更易于预料,因此更容易协调,而在社会上,人与人之间的关系是断断续续的,比较紧张,而且较少有规律可循。另外,工作班组也会对其成员稍稍施加压力,...

谢谢帮忙翻译下大学英语精读第四册1

The first unit 1. We have been informed that the Minister of Finance will be the next day we met. 2. I find it very strange that he did not seem to remember their own health said. 3. Term papers should be in no later than next Tuesday handed, but most students have so far little progress. 4 .. see the steady decline in the number of students by school principals to mind. 5. In that country in general are accepted in cash, but the cheque is generally up, and soon people will instead of cash as a way to the checkout. 6. Henry eager to know that he wants his mother in the orchard, so when she heard one to see the distance he called again. The second unit 1. Bill is already a mature young man, no longer dependent on their parents make decisions for him .. 2. This region a large number of meat supply, but the scarcity of fresh fruits and vegetables. 3. Engineers rely on the people's wisdom, has created a new production methods, to improve productivity. 4. He spent a lot of time to prepare for the math test, so when he was informed that his only at the b-am a bit disappointed. 5. We have plenty of time from Rongrong Chidun from lunch., 6. The local government had to draw grain reserves and take other emergency measures to tide over the food crisis

求现代大学英语精读四第二版教师用书pdf杨立民版

anguish 英 [ˈæŋɡwɪʃ] 美 [ˈæŋɡwɪʃ]

Anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain

n. Anguish is great mental suffering or physical pain (精神上的)悲痛;(身体上的)剧痛

极度痛苦;苦恼

intolerable anguish

无法忍受的痛苦

1、He groaned in anguish

他痛苦地呻吟。《牛津词典》

2、Mark looked at him in anguish

马克极为痛苦地看着他。

No one suspected the anguish he carried on his shoulders

没有人怀疑他所承受的痛苦。《柯林斯英汉双解大词典》

扩展资料:

aspire 英 [əˈspaɪə(r)] 美 [əˈspaɪər]

vi. If you aspire to something such as an important job,you have a strong desire to

achieve it aspire (to sth /to do sth)有志 (于);渴望;立志;追求

people who aspire to public office

志在获得公职的人们。

Rice aspired to go to college.赖斯渴望上大学。

For us, it's something that we mayaspire tobut can never attain。 对我们来说,那是可望而不可及的。《新英汉大辞典》

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