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金融英语：西方的银行1
Jiro Ito is visiting with his friend ,Bob Jenson ,a banker in New York .
伊滕次郎正与他的朋友鲍勃詹森闲谈。鲍勃是纽约的一位银行职员。
They are talking about the history of banking in the west .
他们正在谈论有关西方银行的历史。
Ito:Im curious about the history of banking in the west ,Bob.Can you tell me something about it ?
伊 滕：我很想知道有关西方银行史的一些情况。鲍勃，您能给我讲一讲吗?
Jensen:Well,Jiro,the earliest banks started in Babylon almost 4,000 years ago .
詹 森：好的，次郎。最早的银行大约是4，000年前在巴比伦建立的。
They were really temples which collected deposits and made loans .
实际上，那些银行只是一种收集存款并进行放款的场所。
I :That surprises me .I had always thought that banking started during the Renaissance in Europe .
伊 滕：这可真是出乎我的意料之外，我原来一直以为银行业务始于欧洲文艺复兴时期呢。
J:No ,it was much earlier than that.Actually ,private firms that handled deposits and loans ,
詹 森：不，比那个时期要早多了。实际上，早在公元前6世纪就有了私营的商行。
changed coins and even arranged for credit transactions existed as early as the 6th century B.C.
这些商行从事储蓄存款和贷款，兑换硬币以至安排信贷交易。
I:Then ,there were banks in ancient Greece and Rome,too?
伊 滕：当时，古希腊和罗马也有银行吗?
J:Yes ,laws in Both Greece and Rome recognized banks and many bank functions .
詹 森：是的，希腊和罗马都在法律上承认了银行和银行的许多作用。
It wasnt until the breakup of the Roman Empire and the decline in trade and mercial transactions that banking lost its previous importance .
直到罗马帝国崩溃，商贸业务衰落，银行业才失去了它以往的重要性。
I:What about the laws against usury during the Middle Ages?Didnt such laws made it illegal to charge interest on loans?
伊 滕：中世纪时，法律禁止放高利贷是怎么回事?这些法律没有规定贷款收取利息是非法的吗?
J:Yes,they did ,but these laws were gradually changed during the 14th and 15th centuries,
詹 森：规定了，但是这些法律在14，15世纪时逐步地改变了，
and banking functions started appearing again in Italy and Belgium and later in France ,Germany and England .
银行的作用又在意大利和比利时开始出现，后来又显现在法国、德国和英国。
I:I see .So we can really say that banking restarted during the Renaissance .
伊 滕：我明白了。实际上我们可以说，银行业在文艺复兴时期又重新开始了。
金融英语：西方的银行2
Mr.Ito and Mr.Jenson continue their discussion about the history of banking in the west .
伊滕先生和詹森先生继续他们有关西方银行史的讨论。
Jensen:Thats a good way of putting it ,Jiro.Banking firms that developed during the 15th and 16th centuries are the direct ancestors of modern mercial banks .
詹 森：那是一个合适的提法，次郎。那些在15，16世纪发展起来的从事银行业务的商行就是现代商业银行的直系祖先。
Ito:I can easily see the need for the development of the banks during that period .
伊 滕：显而易见，银行的发展正是出于那个时期的需要。
mercial and finacial transactions had once again started to bee more plex as Europe emerged from the feudal system of the Middle Ages.
当欧洲从中世纪封建制度的禁锢中挣脱出来时，商业和金融交易再一次开始变得复杂起来了。
Werent many of these early banks goldsmiths in the beginning ?
很多早期的银行在其一开始不就是由一些金匠们兴办起来的吗?
J:Yes,many of them started that way ,especially in France and England ,
詹 森：是的，很多银行就是这个兴起的，特别是在法国和英国。
but they gradually expanded their activities to handing deposits and loans ,
可是他们逐渐地扩展他们的经营活动，
issuing and trading bills of exchange and even issuing their own notes .And ,of course ,
发展到从事储蓄、贷款、发行和买卖汇票，甚至发行他们自己的货币。
they started the fractional reserve system which is the central feature of modern banks.
理所当然地他们又开始建立起部分储备制度，而这一点正是现代银行的主要特征。
I;When did the idea of central banks get started?
伊 滕：建立中央银行的想法是什么时候开始的?
J;Well,the first bank that was partially owned and controlled by a state government was established in Venice in 1587.
詹 森：哦，第一个由国家政府部分拥有和控制的银行是1587年在威尼斯建立起来的，
Other semi-public banks appeared during the next one hundred years,including the Bank of England in 1694,
后秋的一百年之中又发现了一些其他的半公立银行，包括1694年成立的英格兰银行。
but these were really not central banks in the modern sense of the term .
但是，这些银行还并不是现代意义上的中央银行，
It wasnt until the middle of the 19th century that central banks with specific regulatory functions were created .
直到19世纪中叶具有明确常规作用的中央银行才建立起来。
金融英语：应付通货膨胀
Robert Albert ,president of Albert Electronics ,is talking about inflation and general financial conditions with his banker ,Wilson Hall.
艾伯特电子公司总裁罗伯特艾伯特正和他的银行职员威尔逊霍尔在谈论通货膨胀和金融状况。
Albert:Im really concerned about the general financial situation ,Mr.Hall.
艾伯特：霍尔先生，我对于目前金融价总的状况甚为关切。
Weve been living with constantly rising prices for too long .
我们长期在物价不断上涨的情况下生活着，
You would think that the tight money policies that the government has been following would start hing some effect .
你大概认为政府所实施的银根紧缩政策已经开始产生一些效果。
Hall:I think theyre starting to work ,Mr.Albert .Interest rates he gone up substantially recently ,
霍 尔：我认为这些政策已经开始生效，艾伯特先生。近来利率已大幅度提高，
and the ailability of credit has been sharply curtailed .
信贷的使用已大大削减。
Unfortunately ,however demand-pull inflation is not our only problem .
不幸的是，由需求而促成的通货膨胀并不是我们唯一的问题。
A;Yes ,the new problem seems to be cost-push inflation ,or what the economists sometimes call sellersinflation .
艾伯特：是的，新的问题似乎是成本促成的通货膨胀，就是经济学家们有时称之为卖方通货膨胀。
H:Exactly .For example ,the rising costs of modities and energy supplies over which we he no real control .
霍 尔：的确如此，譬如说，商品和能源的成本一直不断增加，对此我们没有得到真正的控制。
Fiscal and moary policies cant do much to help us deal with this kind of inflation .
财政和货币政策对于我们解决这类性质的通货膨胀也是爱莫能助。
A:It must be very difficult for you as a banker to try to satisfy your customers during periods like this .
艾伯特：处于这样的时期，你作为一个银行家，要想尽力去满足你的顾客们的要求肯定是很困难的。
H:Indeed it is.Tight money policies make it necessary for us to turn down loan requests from many clients or to increase the downpayment requirements on mortgage and installment loans .
霍 尔：确实如此。银根紧缩政策使得我们必须拒绝许多客户的贷款要求，或者增加抵押货款和分期贷款的定金。
A:Well,lets hope we see an improvement soon.People on fixed ines,particularly retired people,
艾伯特：我们指望着不久将看到情况有所好转。眼下，那些靠固定收入的人们，特别是那些退休的人，
must be hing a terrible time making ends meet.
为维持生计一定会碰到不少困难。
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