[考研复试专业课笔试该如何做好备考准备]作者 纸盆1、列出知识框架专业课的知识很广泛也很零碎，这就需要我们对这些知识点进行梳理整合了，整理成一个知识框架，这样众多知识点互相联系成一个网络，复习的时候也能相互...+阅读
Section III Reading prehension
Part A
Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.
Text 1
It was 3:45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and a final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure was passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Inter and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death . Says Hofsess: "We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history." The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral and practical implications. Some he breathed sighs of relief; others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia ? where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing munity attitudes he all played their part ? other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the U.S. and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death ? probably by a deadly injection or pill ? to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a "cooling off" period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. "I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks," he says.
1. From the second paragraph we learn that
[A] the objection to euthanasia is diminishing in some countries.
[B] physicians and citizens he the same view on euthanasia.
[C] technological changes are chiefly responsible for the new law.
[D] it takes time to appreciate the significance of laws passed.
2. By saying that "observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling", the author means that
[A] observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia.
[B] there is a possibility of similar bills being passed in the U.S. and Canada.
[C] observers are waiting to see the movement end up in failure.
[D] the process of the bill taking effect may finally e to a stop.
3. When Lloyd Nickson is cl
ose to death, he will
[A] undergo a cooling off period of seven days.
[B] experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient.
[C] he an intense fear of terrible suffering.
[D] face his death with the calm characteristic of euthanasia.4. What is the author's attitude towards euthanasia?
[A] Hostile. [B] Suspicious. [C] Approving. [D] Indifferent.
5. We can infer from the text that the author believes the success of the right-to-die movement is
[A] only a matter of time.
[B] far from certain.
[C] just an illusion.
[D] a shattered hope.
Part B Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do animals he rights? This is how the question is usually put. It sounds like a useful, ground-clearing way to start.
61) Actually, it isn't, because it assumes that there is an agreed account of human rights, which is something the world does not he. On one view of rights, to be sure, it necessarily follows that animals he none.
62) Some philosophers argue that rights exist only within a social contract, as part of an exchange of duties and entitlements. Therefore, animals cannot he rights. The idea of punishing a tiger that kills somebody is absurd; for exactly the same reason, so is the idea that tigers he rights. However, this is only one account, and by no means an uncontested one. It denies rights not only to animals but also to some people ? for instance, to infants, the mentally incapable and future generations. In addition, it is unclear what force a contract can he for people who never consented to it: how do you reply to somebody who says "I don't like this contract"? The point is this: without agreement on the rights of people, arguing about the rights of animals is fruitless.
63) It leads the discussion to extremes at the outset: it invites you to think that animals should be treated either with the consideration humans extend to other humans, or with no consideration at all. This is a false choice. Better to start with another, more fundamental, question: is the way we treat animals a moral issue at all? Many deny it.
64) Arguing from the view that humans are different from animals in every relevant respect, extremists of this kind think that animals lie outside the area of moral choice. Any regard for the suffering of animals is seen as a mistake ? a sentimental displacement of feeling that should properly be directed to other humans. This view, which holds that torturing a monkey is morally equivalent to chopping wood, may seem brely "logical". In fact it is simply shallow: the confused center is right to reject it. The most elementary form of moral reasoning ? the ethical equivalent of learning to crawl ? is to weigh others' interests against one's own. This in turn requires sympathy and imagination: without which there is no capacity for moral thought. To see an animal in pain is enough, for most, to engage sympathy.
65] When that happens, it is not a mistake: it is mankind's instinct for moral reasoning in action, an instinct that should be encouraged rather than laughed at.
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