英语句子结构有五种(主谓,主谓宾,主系表,主谓宾宾和主谓宾宾补) 主谓:I study. 主谓宾:I like banana. 主系表:I am a student. 主谓双宾:I give a pencil to him. 主谓复合宾语:I make him happy. 1. 主语+谓语(不及物动词) [S + V] 如:The children are playing happily. 孩子们正在高兴地玩。 2. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语 [S+V+O] 如:The Greens enjoy living in China. 格林一家喜欢住在中国。 3. 主语+谓语+表语 [S+V+P] 该句型谓语动词为连系动词。常见的系动词有:be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎) 等。如: ① He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。 ② The apple pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。 4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语 [S+V+InO+DO] 这种句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,既指人的间接宾语和指物的直接宾语。也可以把间接宾语放在直接宾语之后,但要加介词for或to。如: ① My aunt bought me a computer. = My aunt bought a computer for me. 我阿姨买给我一台电脑。 ② I passed him the salt. = I passed the salt to him. 我把盐递给他。 5. 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语 [S+V+O+OC] 如:We must keep our school clean. 我们必须保持我们的学校清洁。 1. Subject (主语) + Verb (谓语) 这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词,这些动词常见的有:appear, apologize,arrive, come, die, disappear, exist, fall, happen, rise,等等。如: The students work very hard.学生们学习很努力。 She apologized to me again. 她再次向我道歉。 The accident happened yesterday evening.事故是昨天晚上发生的。 2. Subject (主语) + Link. V(系动词) + Predicate(表语) 这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:
(1)表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, appear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如: Several players lay flat on the playground.几个队员平躺在操场上。 We should remain modest and prudent any time.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚谨慎。 This kind of food tastes terrible.这种食物吃起来很糟糕。 The picture looks more beautiful at a certain distance.这幅画在一定的距离看更漂亮一些。
(2)表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如: Spring comes. It is getting warmer and warmer.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。 Don't have the food. It has gone bad.不要吃那种食物,已经变质了。 The facts prove true.事实证明是正确的。 3. Subject(主语) + Verb (谓语) + Object (宾语) 这种句型中的动词应为及物动词或者可以后接宾语的动词短语。同时,句子中有时含有与宾语有关的状语。作宾语的成分常是:名词、代词、动词不定式、动名词或从句。如: You can put the books in your bag.你可以把书放在书包里。 Farmers in our area grow lots of vegetables.我们这里的农民种很多种蔬菜。 She lost the chance to make her appearance on the stage.她失去了在舞台上露面的机会。 I prefer to make web pages.我更喜欢做网页。 4. Subject(主语)+Verb(谓语)+ Indirect object(间接宾语)+Direct object (直接宾语) 这种句型中作间接宾语的常常指“人”,直接宾语常常指“物”。如: Yesterday her father bought her a bicycle as a birthday present.昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。 The old man is telling the children stories in the Long March.老人正在给孩子们讲长征中的故事。 这种句型还可转换为其他两种句型:1)动词 + 宾语 + for sb.; 2)动词 + 宾语+to sb.。如: Please show me your picture. /Please show your picture to me. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I'll offer you a good chance as long as you don't lose heart. —I'll offer a good chance for you as long as you don't lose heart. 只要你不失去信心,我会给你提供机会的。 5. Subject(主语)+Verb (动词)+Object (宾语)+Complement(补语) 这种句型中的宾语+ 补语可统称为“复合宾语”。担任补语的常常是名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、动词不定式等。如: Keep the children quiet, please. 请让孩子们安静下来。 He painted the wall white. 他把墙漆成白色。 We found him an honest person.我们发现他是一个诚实的人。 His mother told him not to play on the street.他母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 注意:动词have, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel, observe, watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如: The boss made him do the work all day.老板让他整天做那项工作。 1. 主语+ 不及物动词 例:It is raining heavily. /My tooth aches. 2. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 例:They enjoy the play. /I met John in the street yesterday. 3. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语 例:He is out. /Jenny is fine. /It looks like rain, soon. 4 主语 + 及物动词 + 双宾语 例:He bought her a watch. /The sun gives us light. 注意:双宾...