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高2化学所有方程式与离子方程式

01月06日 编辑 39baobao.com

高中所有化学方程式(不一定全呀) 非金属单质(F2 ,Cl2 , O2 , S, N2 , P , C , Si) 1, 氧化性: F2 + H2 === 2HF F2 +Xe(过量)===XeF2 2F2(过量)+Xe===XeF4 nF2 +2M===2MFn (表示大部分金属) 2F2 +2H2O===4HF+O2 2F2 +2NaOH===2NaF+OF2 +H2O F2 +2NaCl===2NaF+Cl2 F2 +2NaBr===2NaF+Br2 F2+2NaI ===2NaF+I2 F2 +Cl2 (等体积)===2ClF 3F2 (过量)+Cl2===2ClF3 7F2(过量)+I2 ===2IF7 Cl2 +H2 ===2HCl 3Cl2 +2P===2PCl3 Cl2 +PCl3 ===PCl5 Cl2 +2Na===2NaCl 3Cl2 +2Fe===2FeCl3 Cl2 +2FeCl2 ===2FeCl3 Cl2+Cu===CuCl2 2Cl2+2NaBr===2NaCl+Br2 Cl2 +2NaI ===2NaCl+I2 5Cl2+I2+6H2O===2HIO3+10HCl Cl2 +Na2S===2NaCl+S Cl2 +H2S===2HCl+S Cl2+SO2 +2H2O===H2SO4 +2HCl Cl2 +H2O2 ===2HCl+O2 2O2 +3Fe===Fe3O4 O2+K===KO2 S+H2===H2S 2S+C===CS2 S+Fe===FeS S+2Cu===Cu2S 3S+2Al===Al2S3 S+Zn===ZnS N2+3H2===2NH3 N2+3Mg===Mg3N2 N2+3Ca===Ca3N2 N2+3Ba===Ba3N2 N2+6Na===2Na3N N2+6K===2K3N N2+6Rb===2Rb3N P2+6H2===4PH3 P+3Na===Na3P 2P+3Zn===Zn3P2 2.还原性 S+O2===SO2 S+O2===SO2 S+6HNO3(浓)===H2SO4+6NO2+2H2O 3S+4 HNO3(稀)===3SO2+4NO+2H2O N2+O2===2NO 4P+5O2===P4O10(常写成P2O5) 2P+3X2===2PX3 (X表示F2,Cl2,Br2) PX3+X2===PX5 P4+20HNO3(浓)===4H3PO4+20NO2+4H2O C+2F2===CF4 C+2Cl2===CCl4 2C+O2(少量)===2CO C+O2(足量)===CO2 C+CO2===2CO C+H2O===CO+H2(生成水煤气) 2C+SiO2===Si+2CO(制得粗硅) Si(粗)+2Cl===SiCl4 (SiCl4+2H2===Si(纯)+4HCl) Si(粉)+O2===SiO2 Si+C===SiC(金刚砂) Si+2NaOH+H2O===Na2SiO3+2H2 3,(碱中)歧化 Cl2+H2O===HCl+HClO (加酸抑制歧化,加碱或光照促进歧化) Cl2+2NaOH===NaCl+NaClO+H2O 2Cl2+2Ca(OH)2===CaCl2+Ca(ClO)2+2H2O 3Cl2+6KOH(热,浓)===5KCl+KClO3+3H2O 3S+6NaOH===2Na2S+Na2SO3+3H2O 4P+3KOH(浓)+3H2O===PH3+3KH2PO2 11P+15CuSO4+24H2O===5Cu3P+6H3PO4+15H2SO4 3C+CaO===CaC2+CO 3C+SiO2===SiC+2CO 二,金属单质(Na,Mg,Al,Fe)的还原性 2Na+H2===2NaH 4Na+O2===2Na2O 2Na2O+O2===2Na2O2 2Na+O2===Na2O2 2Na+S===Na2S(爆炸) 2Na+2H2O===2NaOH+H2 2Na+2NH3===2NaNH2+H2 4Na+TiCl4(熔融)===4NaCl+Ti Mg+Cl2===MgCl2 Mg+Br2===MgBr2 2Mg+O2===2MgO Mg+S===MgS Mg+2H2O===Mg(OH)2+H2 2Mg+TiCl4(熔融)===Ti+2MgCl2 Mg+2RbCl===MgCl2+2Rb 2Mg+CO2===2MgO+C 2Mg+SiO2===2MgO+Si Mg+H2S===MgS+H2 Mg+H2SO4===MgSO4+H2 2Al+3Cl2===2AlCl3 4Al+3O2===2Al2O3(钝化) 4Al(Hg)+3O2+2xH2O===2(Al2O3.xH2O)+4Hg 4Al+3MnO2===2Al2O3+3Mn 2Al+Cr2O3===Al2O3+2Cr 2Al+Fe2O3===Al2O3+2Fe 2Al+3FeO===Al2O3+3Fe 2Al+6HCl===2AlCl3+3H2 2Al+3H2SO4===Al2(SO4)3+3H2 2Al+6H2SO4(浓)===Al2(SO4)3+3SO2+6H2O (Al,Fe在冷,浓的H2SO4,HNO3中钝化) Al+4HNO(稀)===Al(NO3)3+NO+2H2O 2Al+2NaOH+2H2O===2NaAlO2+3H2 2Fe+3Br2===2FeBr3 Fe+I2===FeI2 Fe+S===FeS 3Fe+4H2O(g)===Fe3O4+4H2 Fe+2HCl===FeCl2+H2 Fe+CuCl2===FeCl2+Cu Fe+SnCl4===FeCl2+SnCl2 (铁在酸性环境下,不能把四氯化锡完全 还原为单质锡 Fe+SnCl2==FeCl2+Sn) 三, 非金属氢化物(HF,HCl,H2O,H2S,NH3) 1,还原性: 4HCl(浓)+MnO2===MnCl2+Cl2+2H2O 4HCl(g)+O2===2Cl2+2H2O 16HCl+2KMnO4===2KCl+2MnCl2+5Cl2+8H2O 14HCl+K2Cr2O7===2KCl+2CrCl3+3Cl2+7H2O 2H2O+2F2===4HF+O2 2H2S+3O2(足量)===2SO2+2H2O 2H2S+O2(少量)===2S+2H2O 2H2S+SO2===3S+2H2O H2S+H2SO4(浓)===S+SO2+2H2O 3H2S+2HNO(稀)===3S+2NO+4H2O 5H2S+2KMnO4+3H2SO4===2MnSO4+K2SO4+5S+8H2O 3H2S+K2Cr2O7+4H2SO4===Cr2(SO4)3+K2SO4+3S+7H2O H2S+4Na2O2+2H2O===Na2SO4+6NaOH 2NH3+3CuO===3Cu+N2+3H2O 2NH3+3Cl2===N2+6HCl 8NH3+3Cl2===N2+6NH4Cl 4NH3+3O2(纯氧)===2N2+6H2O 4NH3+5O2===4NO+6H2O 4NH3+6NO===5N2+6HO(用氨清除NO) NaH+H2O===NaOH+H2 4NaH+TiCl4===Ti+4NaCl+2H2 CaH2+2H2O===Ca(OH)2+2H2 2,酸性: 4HF+SiO2===SiF4+2H2O (此反应广泛应用于测定矿样或钢样中SiO2的含量) 2HF+CaCl2===CaF2+2HCl H2S+Fe===FeS+H2 H2S+CuCl2===CuS+2HCl H2S+2AgNO3===Ag2S+2HNO3 H2S+HgCl2===HgS+2HCl H2S+Pb(NO3)2===PbS+2HNO3 H2S+FeCl2=== 2NH3+2Na==2NaNH2+H2 (NaNH2+H2O===NaOH+NH3) 3,碱性: NH3+HCl===NH4Cl NH3+HNO3===NH4NO3 2NH3+H2SO4===(NH4)2SO4 NH3+NaCl+H2...

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