[帮忙写白雪公主英文故事]After the queen died , the King married another woman, who was in effective terms a witch. She was so jiealous of the beauty of Princess Snow White that she ask...+阅读
错。 总的来说,汉诗英译既要保留原诗之意,又要使译文符合目的语语体的表达规范。 英文诗也是有格式的。最突出的一点是,和汉诗类似,英诗也讲究用韵。毕竟诗歌正是因为有韵律读起来才朗朗上口的。 根据韵脚的位置,英诗有头韵,尾韵,甚至还有中韵。 汉诗英译时要注意韵脚和音节数。在押韵和音节数,以及措辞风格,尽量和汉诗保持一致。
拿莎士比亚十四行诗(十八)举例来说: 莎士比亚的十四行诗(十八) 我是否可以把你比喻成夏天? Shall I compare thee to a summer's day? 虽然你比夏天更可爱更温和: Thou art more lovely and more temperate: 狂风会使五月娇蕾红消香断, Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, 夏天拥有的时日也转瞬即过; And summer's lease hath all too short a date: 有时天空之巨眼目光太炽热, Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines, 它金灿灿的面色也常被遮暗; And often is his gold complexion dimmed, 而千芳万艳都终将凋零飘落, And every fair from fair sometime declines, 被时运天道之更替剥尽红颜; By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed: 但你永恒的夏天将没有止尽, But thy eternal summer shall not fade, 你所拥有的美貌也不会消失, Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st, 死神终难夸口你游荡于死荫, Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade, 当你在不朽的诗中永葆盛时; When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st, 只要有人类生存,或人有眼睛, So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see, 我的诗就会流传并赋予你生命。
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee. 全诗的基本格律是五音步抑扬格(iambic pentameter),包括三个四行组(quatrain)和一个对偶句(couplet),采用典型的莎氏十四行的韵式,即abab cdcd efef gg 在韵脚(end rhyme)方面,第二行的temperate与第四行的date押韵,但两个词的重音位置却不同,这一韵就既非阳韵(masculine rhyme)也非阴韵(feminine rhyme),显得不伦不类,与其它严整的韵对比,这一韵念起来令人颇感突兀,破坏了诗歌的音韵美。
头韵(alliteration)方面,第六和第七行都以And 起头,形成头韵,但这两个并列的简单陈述句从意义上看,造成了语意在同一水平上徘徊而不是递进,而且用相同的And起头使两句不仅在语意也在形式上显得拖沓而无变化,破坏了诗歌的音韵美和形式美。 韵格(meter)方面,五音步抑扬格的诗歌是常有破格的,特别是在诗歌首行的第一个音步,经常是前重音后轻音。
适当的破格可使诗歌免于呆板,增加变化,使音韵更显其美。但过多的破格就会打乱诗歌的格式,使其音律显得零碎,给诗歌带来负面影响,本诗即是如此。第一行“Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?”中的“thee to”是无法按轻重音的顺序来念的,第二行“Thou art more lovely and more temperate”中的两个more是强调,要念重音,因此这一行的韵格就不是抑扬格了。
第六行“And often is his gold complexion dimm'd”中前两个音步的轻重音位置是模糊的。第十行“Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest”中的第一个音步可以看作是破格,第十一行“Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade”中的“Nor shall Death brag”重音和轻音顺序应是“重轻重重”,也不是抑扬格。
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