[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读

Model Test Five

Part I Writing（30 minutes）

Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a position on the topic Dormitory Life . You should write at least 120 words following the outline given below in Chinese:

1. 大学宿舍的集体生活是全新的体验。

2. 宿舍生活与在家生活的不同之处。

3. 宿舍生活利与弊。

Dormitory Life

Part II Reading prehension (Skimming and Scanning) (15 minutes)

Directions: In this part, you will he 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the question on Answer Sheet 1.

For questions 1-7, mark

Y (for YES)if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;

N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;

NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.

For questions 8-10, plete the sentences with the information given in the passage.

Animals on the Move

It looked like a scene from “Jaws” but without the dramatic music. A huge shark was lowly swimming through the water, its tail swinging back and forth like the pendulum of a clock.

Suddenly sensitive nerve ending in the sharks skin picked up vibrations of a struggling fish. The shark was immediately transformed into a deadly, efficient machine of death. With muscles taut, the shark knifed through the water at a rapid speed. In a flash the shark caught its victim, a large fish, in its powerful jaws. Then, jerking its head back and forth, the shark tore huge chunks of flesh from its victim and swallowed them. Soon the action was over.

Moving to Survive

In pursuing its prey, the shark demonstrated in a dramatic way the important role of movement, or lootion, in animals.

Like the shark, most animals use movement to find food. They also use lootion to escape enemies, find a mate, and explore now territories. The methods of lootion include crawling, hopping, slithering, flying, swimming, or walking.

Humans he the added advantage of using their various inventions to move about in just about any kind of environment. Automobiles, rockets, and submarines transport humans from deep oceans to as far away as the moon. However, for other animals movement came about naturally through millions of years of evolution. One of the most successful examples of animal lootion is that of the shark. Its ability to quickly zero in on its prey has always impressed scientists. But it took a detailed study by Duke University marine biologists S. A. Wainwright, F. Vosburgh, and J. H. Hebrank to find out how the sharks did it. In their study the scientists observed sharks swimming in a tank at Marine land in Saint Augustine, Fla. Movies were taken of the sharks movements and analyzed. Studies were also made of shark skin and muscle.

Skin Is the Key

The biologists discovered that the skin of the shark is the key to the animals high efficiency in swimming through the water. The skin contains many fibers that crisscross like the inside of a belted radial tire. The fibers are called collagen fibers. These fibers can either store or release large amounts of energy depending on whether the fibers are relaxed or taut. When the fibers are stretched, energy is stored in them the way energy is stored in the string of a bow when pulled tight. When the energy is released, the fibers bee relaxed.

The Duke University biologists he found that the greatest stretching occurs where the shark bends its body while swimming. During the bodys back and forth motion, fibers along the outside part of the bending body stretch greatly. Much potential energy is stored in the fibers. This energy is released when the sharks body snaps back the other way.

As energy is alternately stored and released on both sides of the animals body, the tail whips strongly back and forth. This whiplike action propels the animal through the water like a living bullet.

Source of Energy

What causes the fibers to store so much energy? In finding the answer the Duke University scientists learned that the sharks similarity to a belted radial tire doesnt stop with the skin. Just as a radial tire is inflated by pressure, so, too, is the area just under the sharks collagen “radials”. Instead of air pressure, however, the pressure in the shark may be due to the force of the blood pressing on the collagen fibers.

When the shark swims slowly, the pressure on the fibers is relatively low. The fibers are more relaxed, and the shark is able to bend its body at sharp angles. The animal swims this way when looking around for food or just swimming. However, when the shark detects an important food source, some fantastic involuntary changes take place.

The pressure inside the animal may increase by 10 times. This pressure change greatly stretches the fibers, enabling much energy to be stored.

This energy is then transferred to the tail, and the shark is off. The rest of the story is predictable.

Dolphin Has Speed Record

Another fast marine animal is the dolphin. This seagoing mammal has been clocked at speeds of 32 kilometers (20 miles) an hour. Biologists studying the dolphin he discovered that, like the shark, the animals efficient lootion can be traced to its skin. A dolphins skin is made up in such a way that it offers very little resistance to the water flowing over it. Normally when a fish or other object moves slowly through the water, the water flows smoothly past the body. This smooth flow is known as laminar flow. However, at faster speeds the water bees more turbulent along the moving fish. This turbulence muses friction and slows the fish down.

In a dolphin the skin is so flexible that it bends and yields to the winess of the water.

The wes, in effect, bee tucked into the skins folds. This allows the rest of the water to move smoothly by in a laminar flow. Where other animals would be slowed by turbulent water at rapid speeds, the dolphin can race through the water at record breaking speeds.

Other Animals Less Efficient

Not all animals move as efficiently as sharks and dolphins. Perhaps the greatest loser in lootion efficiency is the slug. The slug, which looks like a snail without a shell, lays down a slimy trail over which it crawls. It uses so much energy producing the slimy mucus and crawling over it that a mouse treling the same distance uses only one twelfth as much energy.

Scientists say that because of the slugs inefficient use of energy, its lifestyle must be restricted. That is, the animals are forced to confine themselves to small areas for obtaining food and finding proper living conditions. He humans ever been faced with this kind of problem?

1.Automobiles, rockets, and submarines are all examples given to support the idea that human inventions enable us to trel in almost any kind of environment.

2.The tail of the shark contributes to its swift lootion.

3.The greatest stretching of the collagen fibers occurs when a shark tears huge chunks of flesh from its prey.

4.The area just under the sharks collagen fibers is similar to a belted radial tire because it is also inflated by pressure.

5.A laminar flow is formed when a fish swims against the current.

6.Consuming the equal amount of energy as a slug does, a mouse can trel 12 times as long as a slug.

7.Most species of sharks, including very small ones, can endanger mans life.

1.［Y］［N］［NG］2.［Y］［N］［NG］3.［Y］［N］［NG］

4.［Y］［N］［NG］5.［Y］［N］［NG］6.［Y］［N］［NG］

7.［Y］［N］［NG］

8.A shark finds its prey by.

9.According to the passage, can be pared to the string of a bow for both of them store energy when stretched.

10.When the shark detects an important food source, take place.

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