[创造更适合我们班级孩子的“学讲”英语课]李涛涛 ]，自从徐州市推进 学讲计划 以来，一直在努力探索 学讲 之路，在这个过程中，经历了很多困难和挫折，但也意外收获了许多。学讲 课堂重视的是学生自己真实的学习的发生，所以学...+阅读
对英语句子的认识
一. 教学内容：
对英语句子的认识
意义：英语的句式与中文的不同。我们在学习英语的时候要注意到这一点。有的同学在学习中对此没有足够的认识，常常受中文的干扰。在写作中表现出不能写出正确的句子。
I. 什么是句子？
长的是句子，短的是词。×
√ 无论字数多少，只要有主语和谓语（动词），而且能表达完整的意义的一句话就是一个句子。
I am tired.
Pressing one’s palm together and resting one’s head on the back of one’s hand while closing the eyes as if sleeping means “I am tired.”（双手合拢，闭上眼，把头靠在手背上像睡觉的样子，意思是说“我累了。”）
这两个句子都具备了主语和谓语。都是完整的句子。要记住：在英语中，一个句子必须且只能有一个谓语。
1. 省略主语的句子
e in, please. (You)
Open the door.
Sit down.
Stand up.
What a day! (What a terrible day it is!)
2. 一个句子不能同时有两个谓语。
典型错误：
1) The old man likes take a walk in the village after supper.
∟The old man likes to take a walk in the village after supper.
2) I enjoy talk with him over a cup of coffee.
∟I enjoy talking with him over a cup of coffee.
3) The boy ran to his mother cry.
∟The boy ran to his mother crying.
4) After write the notice, he put it up on the wall.
∟ After writing the notice, he put it up on the wall.
After he wrote the notice, he put it up on the wall.
3. 不要把从句的谓语当成句子的谓语, 或把主句的谓语当成从句的谓语。
如果是一个复合句，主句和从句都应该分别有自己的主语和谓语。
典型错误：
1） 1） Those who eat too much will easily ill.
∟Those who eat too much will easily get ill.
2) When he walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
∟When he was walking in the park, he felt a little tired.
3）When I at school, I studied very hard.
∟When I was at school, I studied very hard.
II. Practice: 判断以下是否是句子。
1. Birds can fly 是
2. The birds in the cage which I bought yesterday 不是
3. Wait for me at the station 是
4. If you know how to play with words to make people laugh不是
5. A way of saying “I’m sorry” 不是
6. Patting the stomach before a meal不是
7. The bread my mother makes is much better than what you can buy at the store. 是
8. To make friends in the school which was not far from my new home不是
9. If you want to know what it feels like to fall through the air, take off in a rocket, fly a helicopter or fight alien creatures in outer space不是
III. 常见的句子结构
由于英语动词种类的不同，构成了不同的句子类型。和中文不同的是，英语的动词分为及物动词和不及物动词。表达同一个意思时，有的是及物动词，有的就是不及物动词。如：表示“听” 这个意义时，listen 是不及物动词；hear是及物动词。表示 “看” 这个意义时，look是不及物动词，see, watch和 notice就是及物动词。表示 “到达”，arrive是不及物动词，reach是及物动词。不及物动词是不能接宾语的。只能加上一个介词，才能接宾语。如：listen to, look at, arrive in等等。
1. 主语 + 不及物动词
e.g. He came in.
The airplane from Hong Kong arrived at four p.m.
On his arrival he went straight to the counter.
To catch up with others, you’d better work harder.
How did the accident occur?
In July, the ship set out for the Pacific.
Australia has changed a lot in the past forty years.
They lived by hunting animals, birds and fish.
2. 主语 + 系动词 + 表语
常见的系动词有：be, seem, appear, bee, go, get, grow, turn,
look, sound, feel, taste, smell
e.g. She is very happy. (×She very happy.)
I am a student.
He became nervous when thinking of stealing.
It is impossible to find a shop that is open after 5 p.m. in this area.
We are proud of our friends.
To bee a top gymnast, it is important to start when very young.
It’s much cheaper to camp than to stay in a hotel.
It is useless trying to argue with him.
I got caught in the traffic.
Just then, the traffic light turned red.
He seemed to he misunderstood you.
3. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语
e.g. We learn English at school.
He wondered whether Bill had managed to escape.
I didn’t mean to be so rude.
Most people here earn their living by farming.
We will send these goods to the flooded area.
You must keep your word.
I took some photos of some beautiful actress.
I hope that one day I shall be able to repay you.
被动：English is learnt at school.
These goods will be sent to the flooded area.
4. 主语 + 及物动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语
有些动词需要接两个宾语。间接宾语一般由人担任，直接宾语一般由物担任。
give, offer, teach, tell, read, ask, bring, pass, lend, return, write, throw, allow, send,cost
make, buy, do, get, se, cook, sing, find等。
e.g. My brother ge me a book.
Who sent you the puter?
My mother would read me a story before I went to bed.
I won’t tell you anything about it.
Can you sing us an English song?
Pass me the newspaper, please.
这样的句子变为被动时可根据需要，将任何一个宾语作为句子的主语。
e.g. I was given a book.
A book was given to me.
5. 主语 + 及物动词 + 宾语 + 宾补
e.g. Unfortunately they find it difficult to repay this money.
The growth in population made New York the largest city in the USA.
Do you think it possible to finish it in one day?
We are making our country more and more beautiful.
【模拟试题】
改错练习：
1. Please speak louder so that everybody can listen you.
2. Great changes he been taken place in my hometown.
3. Listen! Someone knocking at the door.
4. He told me don’t call him before 9 o’clock.
5. Does your parents allow you make your own decision?
6. Although it is only August, but the weather is getting worse daily.
7. Because the professor had fallen ill, so he was not able to be present at the conference.
8. In Japan, a person sees the “OK” gesture may think it means money.
9. When I past his room, I heard him singing an English song.
【试题答案】
1. listen→hear 2. 去掉been 3. knocking → is knocking
4. don’t → not to 5. make →to make 6. 去掉but
7. 去掉so 8. sees→who sees
9. past → passed或 past → walked past
如何写出好句子
一. 教学内容：
如何写出好句子
如何写出好句子：好句子的标准应是：用词准确、逻辑清晰、简洁明了、可读性强。
1. 学会运用复合句
复合句包括：名词性从句、状语从句、定语从句
用复合句增强句子之间的逻辑关系，使你的句子变得紧凑
［练习］
根据句子之间的关系，用正确的连词使其成为复合句。
（1）Children grow older. They prefer to be more independent rather than be at the mercy of their parents.
When children grow older, they prefer to be more independent rather than be at the mercy of their parents.
（2）I was very excited . I couldn’t express myself in words.
I was so excited that I couldn’t express myself in words.
（3）We will he a further discussion. We draw a final conclusion.
We will he a further discussion before we draw a final conclusion.
（4）The economy in this area is developing rapidly. The qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.
Although the economy in this area is developing rapidly, the qualities of some citizens are still not satisfactory.
（5）You are allowed to drive my car . You should drive carefully and slowly.
You are allowed to drive my car on condition that/ as long as you should drive carefully and slowly.
（6）The teacher had read my position. He ge me his opinion.
After the teacher had read my position, he ge me his opinion.
（7）You he got the secret. Please don’t spread it in public.
If you he got the secret, please don’t spread it in public.
（8）They arrived at the farm. They were weled by the farmers.
The moment/As soon as they arrived at the farm, they were weled by the farmers.
（9）The International Red Cross is an anization. Its purpose is to help the sick and the needy.
The International Red Cross is an anization whose purpose is to help the sick and the needy.
（10）I decided to find a job. I could earn the money.
I decided to find a job so that I could earn the money.
2. 学会运用非谓语动词
用非谓语动词使你的句子简洁。
［练习］
运用非谓语动词完成下列句子：
（1）Most of the artists who had been invited to the party were from South Africa.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
（2）The prices of the puters which are being shown here are still unknown.
The prices of the puters being shown here are still unknown.
（3）After he had been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.
Hing been deserted by his guide, he couldn’t find his way through the jungle.
（4）Nowadays the old people often do morning exercises in the park in order that they could keep healthy.
Nowadays the old people often do morning exercises in the park to keep healthy.
（5）The church was built in 1829. It is the oldest European structure .
The church built in 1829 is the oldest European structure .
（6）Jane was disturbed by the noise. She turned off the radio.
Disturbed by the noise, Jane turned off the radio.
（7）Gary was tired. He decided to go to bed.
Being tired, Gary decided to go to bed.
（8）As I felt hungry, I decided to walk to the shop and buy some food.
Feeling hungry, I decided to walk to the shop and buy some food.
（9）I sent him an e-mail and hoped to get further information about SARS.
I sent him an e-mail, hoping to get further information about SARS.
（10）As soon as I entered the classroom, I found all my classmates were busy studying
Entering the classroom, I found all my classmates were busy studying
3. 学会句式的变化
用不同的表达方法来丰富你的句式
［练习］
改写句子，填入适当的词使句意与原句意义相同。
1. It was not long before he had to lee for another place.
Before long , he was forced to move on.
2. The room is so small that we can’t put the piano in it.
The room is too small for us to put the piano in.
3. By chance I met an old friend of mine that day.
I happened to meet an old friend of mine that day.
It happened that I met an old friend of mine that day.
4. That was because we were not careful enough.
That was because of our carelessness.
5. The people were in deep sorrow when they heard this sad news.
The people were in deep sorrow at this sad news .
6. If you won’t do it, I’ll get Tom to do it.
If you won’t do it, I’ll make/ he Tom do it.
7. We think that it is our duty to take care of these young trees.
We think it our duty to take care of these young trees.
8. When I was a child, I often played here.
As a boy, I used to play here.
9. I he never seen such a beautiful suit before.
I he never seen so beautiful a suit before.
10. If it doesn’t rain, we’ll hold the sports meet.
Unless it rains, we’ll hold the sports meet.
11. Do you mind if I smoke here?
Do you mind my/me smoking here?
12. I was walking aimlessly through the street when I saw a tailor’s shop.
I was wandering through the street when I caught sight of a tailor’s shop.
13. Hearing the news, he hurried home.
After / When he heard the news, he went home in a hurry.
14. He never hesitates to help others.
He always helps others without any hesitation.
15. The young man came in, who was holding a book in his hand.
The young man came in, holding/with a book in his hand.
16. Liberation brought about a plete change in his life.
It was liberation that brought about a plete change in his life.
17. The windows need cleaning.
The windows need to be cleaned.
18. I don’t think he will apologize to me.
I don’t think he will make an apology to me.
19. It seemed that they were talking about something important.
They seemed to be talking about something important.
20. It’s time for us to discuss this problem.
It’s time that we should discuss/ discussed this problem.
21. You’ re very kind to say so.
It ’s very kind of you to say so.
22. The foreign visitors were warmly weled at the airport.
The foreign visitors were given a warm wele at the airport.
23. As I was coughing badly, the doctor told me to stop smoking.
The doctor advised me to give up smoking, for I was coughing badly.
24. With the help of the map, we found the place without any trouble.
With the help of the map, we had no trouble in finding the place.
25. As I was tired out, I went to sleep soon.
Being tired out, I fell asleep soon.
26. I told him to go to school and at last he took my advice.
At last I persuaded him to go to school.
27. People said he would invite Mr. Brown to dinner
It was said that he would invite Mr. Brown to dinner.
He was said to invite Mr. Brown to dinner.
28. Good pronunciation is very important.
Good pronunciation is of great importance.
29. I ran to school so quickly that I could hardly breathe when I reached there.
I ran to school so quickly that I was quite out of breath when I reached there.
30. I didn’t finish reading the novel until yesterday.
It was not until yesterday that I finished reading the novel.
Not until yesterday did I finish reading the novel.
31. Although he was quite young, he did it very well.
Quite young as he was , he did it very well.
32. She had to sell her house. That was the only way out for her.
She had no choice but to sell her house.
33. He went to study at a college at the age of 18.
When he was 18, he went to study at a college.
34. What surprised me greatly was to find she was such a fine swimmer.
To my great surprise, I found she was such a fine swimmer.
35. “Mary, do you agree with me?” John asked.
John asked Mary if /whether she agreed with him.
36. My brother has been in the army for three years.
It is three years since my brother joined the army.
My brother joined the army three years ago.
37. She said to me, “Don’t fet to ring him up tomorrow morning.”
She told me not to fet to ring him up the next morning.
38. We left early so that we shouldn’t be late for the meeting.
We started out early in order not to be late for the meeting.
39. Look round before you cross the street.
Look round before/ when/ while crossing the street.
40. Work hard and you will succeed.
If you work hard, you will succeed.
41. She suddenly began to cry.
She burst into tears.
42. she is too young to go to school.
She isn’t old enough to go to school.
43. It is not polite to make others be laughed at.
It is not polite to make fun of others.
44. Mathilde would rather not go to the palace ball unless she got some jewelry.
Mathilde would rather stay at home than go to the palace ball if she couldn’t get any jewelry.
45. It is better for you to give up drinking.
You had better give up drinking.
46. It is not necessary for you to worry about him.
You need not worry about him.
There is no need to worry about him.
47. As he was very poor, he couldn’t go to college.
His poverty prevented him from going to college.
48. The enemy soldier ,who was full of fear, kept trembling
The enemy soldier , full of fear, kept trembling.
49. He has formed the habit of sleeping early and getting up early.
He has made it a rule to sleep early and get up early.
He has got used to sleeping early and getting up early.
50. We often hear her sing English songs in her spare time.
She is often heard to sing English songs in her spare time.
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