[有效创设情境，努力提升学生写作水平]在小学阶段，尤其是中年级，语文作文教学对于学生的语文基础有着无可替代的作用，在这个阶段，学生将完成语文写作技能以及习惯的启发与养成。这对于日后更深一层的语文学习来说，是根...+阅读
（五）比较和对比
比较（parison）主要是指出两个或两个以上不同种类的事物的共同点或相似之处， 如人物、地点、事物、思想、观点等。对照（contrast）主要是指出它们的不同点。相同的或类似的特征可以组成比较，不同的特征则可以组成对照。不仅如此，比较和对比常常同时使用，这是因为比较中往往隐含着对比。
比较和对比常有两种形式，即整体比较和对比（block parison and contrast）与逐项比较（alternating parison）。
「Example 」Although Ulysses S. Grant and Robert E. Lee were fierce adversaries during the Civil War， their lives， both military and nonmilitary， has a great deal in mon. Grant descended from a family whose members participated in the American Revolution. He received his mission of second lieutenant from West Point and served in the Spanish-American War. He was later summoned by President Lincoln to assume mand of the Union Forces during the Civil War.
After the Civil War， Grant suffered financial problems and was forced to declare bankruptcy. Lee also descended from a family which engaged in the American Revolution. He， too， received his mission from West Point and later fought in Mexico during the Spanish-American War. His fame as a military strategist during the Civil War， when he was the mander of the Confederate armies， is well known. Although it is not always pointed o
ut by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was pelled to out by historians he， like Grant， had financial difficulties after the civil War and was pelled todeclare bankruptcy. By securing a post as president of Washington College， he was able to oid additional poverty. （整体比较）
The same qualities that make people good house guests make them good hospital patients. Good house guests can expect a reasonable amount of service and effort on their behalf， and hospital patients can also. Guests he to adjust to what is for them a change， and certainly hospital patients must do the same. No one appreciates a plaining， unpleasant， unappreciative house guest， and the hospital staff is no exception. Hose guests who expect vast changes to be made for their benefit are not popular for long. Certainly nurses and other personnel with their routines feel the same way about patients in their care. Just as house guests must make adjustments to enjoy their visits， so patients must make adjustments to make their stays reasonably pleasant and satisfying under the circumstances.（逐项比较）
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