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人教新课标版英语初中阶段常用的形容词副词的比较级和最高级规则变

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[初中英语常用不规则动词分类表]初中英语常用不规则动词分类表 (人教版) 为了帮助同学们记住不规则动词,现在把教材中出现的不规则动词分为几个类型,每个类型中又分若干组,尽量找出每组中各词变化形式的共同点,以...+阅读

以下少数形容词、副词的比较级和最高级是不规则的:

如:good→better→best well→better→best

bad→worse→worst ill→worse→worst

old→older/elder→oldest/eldest

many/much→more→most little→less→least

far →further/farther→ furthest/farthest

形容词、副词的比较级和最高级规则变化:

1.一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est:

比如small→smaller→smallest tall→taller→tallest

clever→cleverer→cleverest narrow→narrower→narrowest

2.以不发音e结尾的单音节词,比较在原级后加-r,最高级在原级后加-st:

比如:large→larger→largest nice→nicer→nicest

3.在重读闭音节(即:辅音+元音+辅音)中,先双写末尾的辅音字母,比较级加-er,最高级加-est:

比如:big→bigger→biggest hot→hotter→hottest fat→fatter→fattest

4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的双音节词, 把y改为i,比较级加-er,最高级加-est:

比如:easy→easier→easiest heavy→heavier→heaviest

5.其他双音节词和多音节词,比较级在前面加more,最高级在前面加most;

比如:beautiful→more beautiful→most beautiful

注意:

(1)形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the,副词最高级前可不用.

The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.

(2) 形容词most前面没有the,不表示最高级的含义,只表示"非常".

It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.

八年级英语人教新课标下册语法

Unit 1 Will people have robots? 重点语法:一般将来时态的应用 do/does 的一般将来时态形式:(shall/will) do do/does 的一般将来时态的被动语态:(shall/will) be done 一般将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:People will have robots in a few years. 否定句例句:People (will not/won't) have robots in a few years. 一般疑问句例句:Will people have robots in a few years? 特殊疑问句例句:What will people have in a few years? Unit 2 What should I do? 重点语法:过去将来时态(将来时态的委婉说法) do/does 的过去将来时态形式:(should/would) do do/does 的过去将来时态的被动语态:(should/would) be done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句、疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:You should write a letter to him. 否定句例句:You shouldn't write a letter to him. 一般疑问句例句:Should I write a letter to him? 特殊疑问句例句:What should I do? Unit 3 What were you doing when the UFO arrived? 重点语法:过去进行时态 do/does 的过去进行时态形式:(was/were) doing do/does 的过去进行时态的被动语态:(was/were) being done 过去将来时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:I was walking down the street when a UFO landed. 否定句例句:I wasn't walking down the street when a UFO landed. 一般疑问句例句:Were you walking down the street when a UFO landed? 特殊疑问句例句:What were you doing when a UFO landed? 动词 when 和 while 的选择:when 后加瞬间动词,while 后加延续性动词。

例句:The boy was walking down the street when the UFO landed. =While the boy was walking down the street, the UFO landed. Unit 4 He said I was hard-working. 重点语法:宾语从句 结构:主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语从句(主语 + 谓语动词 + 宾语/表语) 例句:----I'm good at English. He says. (改为加宾语从句的复合句) ----He says I'm good at English. 注意:①主句是一般现在时态,宾语从句的时态不受其影响。 例句:He says I'm good at English now. He says I was good at mathematics when I was young. ②主句是过去时态,宾语从句也要用过去时态。 例句:He said I was good at mathematics when I was young yesterday. He said I was good at English now yesterday. ③宾语从句是客观真理时永远用一般现在时态。 例句:Our teacher says 24 hours make a day. Our teacher said the sun gives us so many energy yesterday. ④动词原形不能作主语,必须用其 -ing 形式。

例句:She said helping others changed her life. Unit 5 If you go to the party, you'll have a great time! 重点语法:if 引导的条件状语从句 结构:主句 + if + 条件状语从句 if + 条件状语从句 + [(comma)] + 主句 注意:在 if 引导的条件状语从句中,主句应用将来时态,状语从句用一般现在时态。 例句:You'll have a great time if you go to the party. =If you go to the party, you'll have a great time. Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells? 重点语法:现在完成进行时态 do/does 的现在完成进行时态形式:have/has been doing do/does 的现在完成进行时态的被动语态:have/has been being done 现在完成进行时态所应用的场合: ①某事从过去发生一直持续到现在都在做 ②过去发生的动作对现在造成影响 例:我已上了三年初中。 I have been in Junior School for 3 years. 自从那次他与我谈过心后,我天天都在进步。

I have been making progress since he talked with me that time. 现在完成进行时态的肯定句、否定句和疑问句形式: 肯定句例句:I have been skating for five hours. 否定句例句:I haven't been skating for five hours. 一般疑问句例句:Have you been skating for five hours? 特殊疑问句例句:How long have you been skating? 注意:瞬间动词不能和一段时间连用。 例句:你借这本书已经多长时间了? How long have you been keeping this book? Unit 7 Would you mind turning down the music? 重点语法:mind [one's] doing sth. 介意(某人)做某事 重点短语:not at all 一点也不 turn down 调节使音量变小 right away = in a minute = at once 立刻;马上 wait in line 排队等候 cut in line 插队等候 hasn't = has not keep ... down 压低声音;使缓和 at first = first of all 首先 take care 当心;小心 take care of = care about = look after 关心;照顾 break the rule 违规 obey the rule 遵守规定 put out 熄灭 pick sth. up 捡起某物 wait for sb. 等候某人 depend on 依赖;依靠 get back = return 要回 mean → meant → meant 动词 mean 的原形、过去式和过去分词 Unit 8 Why don't you get her a scarf? 重点语法:询问别人为什么要做或者不做某事 why don't you do sth. = why not do sth. 例句:Why don't you get her a camera? = Why not get her a camera? what about = how about 例句:How about some tennis balls? = What about some tennis balls? 重点短语:fall asleep 入睡 give away 赠送;分发 hear of = hear about 听说 take an ...

人教新课标八年级上英语unit7语法知识

展开全部八年级上英语语法 12) 英语中的“单数” 1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如: he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。如: man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数) 3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如: go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如: The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.12) 英语中的“单数” 1.主语的第三人称单数形式,即可用“he, she, it”代替的。如: he, she, it my friend, his teacher, our classroom, Tom, Mary's uncle 2.名词有单数名词和复数名词。

如: man(单数)---men(复数) banana(单数)---bananas(复数) 3.动词有原形,第三人称单数形式,-ing分词,过去式,过去分词。如: go---goes---going---went---gone work---works---working---worked---worked watch---watches---watching---watched---watched 当主语为第三人称单数的时候,谓语动词必须用相应的第三人称单数形式。如: The boy wants to be a sales assistant. Our English teacher is from the US. Their daughter makes her breakfast all by herself.13) 名词的复数构成的几种形式 名词复数的构成可分为规则变化和不规则变化两种。 I 名词复数的规则变化 1.一般在名词词尾加-s。如: pear---pears hamburger---hamburgers desk---desks tree---trees 2.以字母-s, -sh, -ch, -x结尾的名词,词尾加-es。如: class---classes dish---dishes watch---watches box---boxes 3.以字母-o结尾的某些名词,词尾加-es。

如: potato---potatoes tomato---tomatoes Negro---Negroes hero---heroes 4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词,将-y变为-i,再加-es。如: family---families dictionary---dictionariescity---cities country---countries 5.以字母-f或-fe结尾的名词,将-f或-fe变为-v,再加-es。如: half---halves leaf---leaves thief---thieves knife---knives self---selves wife---wives life---lives wolf---wolves shelf---shelves loaf---loaves 但是: scarf---scarves(fes) roof---roofs serf---serfs gulf---gulfs chief---chiefs proof---proofs belief---beliefs II 名词复数的不规则变化 1.将-oo改为--ee。如: foot---feet tooth---teeth 2.将-man改为-men。如: man---men woman---women policeman---policemen postman---postmen 3.添加词尾。如: child---children 4.单复数同形。如: sheep---sheep deer---deer fish---fish people---people 5.表示“某国人”的单、复数变化。

即“中日瑞不变英法变,其它国把-s加后面”。如:Chinese---Chinese Japanese---Japanese Swiss---Swiss Englishman---Englishmen Frenchman---Frenchmen American---Americans Australian---Australians Canadian---Canadians Korean---Koreans Russian---Russians Indian---Indians 6.其它。如: mouse---mice apple tree---apple trees man teacher---men teachers 14) 双写最后一个字母的-ing分词 初中阶段常见的有以下这些: 1.let→letting 让 hit→hitting 打、撞 cut→cutting 切、割 get→getting 取、得到 sit→sitting 坐 forget→forgetting 忘记 put→putting 放 set→setting 设置 babysit→babysitting 临时受雇照顾婴儿 2.shop→shopping 购物 trip→tripping 绊 stop→stopping 停止 drop→dropping 放弃 3.travel→travel(l)ing 旅游 swim→swimming 游泳 run→running 跑步 dig→digging 挖、掘 begin→beginning 开始 prefer→preferring 宁愿 plan→planning 计划15) 肯定句变否定句及疑问句要变化的一些词 1.some变为any。

如: There are some birds in the tree.→There aren't any birds in the tree. 但是,若在表示请邀请、请求的句子中,some可以不变。如: Would you like some orange juice? 与此相关的一些不定代词如something, somebody等也要进行相应变化。 2.and变为or。如: I have a knife and a ruler. →I don't have a knife or a ruler. 3.a lot of (=lots of)变为many或much。如: They have a lot of friends.(可数名词) →They don't have many friends. There is lots of orange in the bottle.(不可数名词) →There isn't much orange in the bottle. 4.already变为yet。如: I have been there already. →I haven't been there yet.16) in与after in 与 after 都可以表示时间,但二者有所区别。 1.in 经常用于将来时的句子中,以现在为起点,表示将来一段时间。如: He will leave for Beijing in a week. 一周后他会动身去北京。

2.after 经常用于过去时的句子中,以过去为起点,表示过去一段时间。如: He left for Beijing after a week. 一周后他动身去了北京。 不过,如果after后跟的是具体的时刻,它也可用于将来时。如: We will finish the work after ten o'clock. 十点后我们会完成工作的。 3.注意区分以下的in的用法。 I'll visit him in a week. 一周后我会去拜访...

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